1. Umsebenzi ophambili we-cellulose ether
Kwi-mortar esele ixutywe, i-cellulose ether iyona nto yongezwayo eyongeziweyo kwixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kodwa inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi kwaye ichaphazele ukwakhiwa kodaka.
2. Iindidi ze-cellulose ethers
Ukuveliswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose yenziwa ngokukodwa kwimicu yendalo ngokuchithwa kwe-alkali, i-grafting reaction (i-etherification), ukuhlamba, ukomisa, ukugaya kunye nezinye iinkqubo.
Ngokwezinto eziphambili zezinto ezibonakalayo, iifayili zendalo zinokuhlulwa zibe: i-cotton fiber, i-cedar fiber, i-beech fiber, njl. Okwangoku, abavelisi abakhulu be-cellulose basebenzisa i-cotton fiber (ngemveliso ye-nitrocellulose) njengeyona nto iphambili.
I-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-nonionic. Uhlobo lwe-ionic ikakhulu lubandakanya ityuwa ye-carboxymethyl cellulose, kwaye uhlobo lwe-non-ionic ikakhulu lubandakanya i-methyl cellulose, i-methyl hydroxyethyl (propyl) cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, njl.
Okwangoku, i-cellulose ethers esetyenziselwa udaka olusele luxutywe i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (MHEC), i-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether (MHPG), i-hydroxypropyl Methyl cellulose ether (HPMC). Kwi-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo, kuba i-ionic cellulose (i-carboxymethyl cellulose ityuwa) ayizinzile phambi kwe-calcium ions, ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezixutywe ngokulungeleyo ezisebenzisa i-samente, i-lime e-slaked, njl. njengezinto zokumisa. Kwezinye iindawo e-China, ityuwa ye-carboxymethyl cellulose isetyenziswa njenge-thickener yezinye iimveliso zangaphakathi ezicutshungulwa ngesitatshi esilungisiweyo njengesona sixhobo siphambili sesamente kunye ne-Shuangfei powder njengesizalisi. Le mveliso ithanda ukungunda kwaye ayimelani namanzi, kwaye ngoku iyakhutshwa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iphinda isetyenziswe kwezinye iimveliso ezixutywayo, kodwa inesabelo esincinci semarike.
3. Iimpawu eziphambili zentsebenzo ye-cellulose ether
(1) Ukunyibilika
I-Cellulose yi-polyhydroxy polymer ikhompawundi enganyibilikiyo okanye inyibilike. Emva kwe-etherification, i-cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini, i-dilute isisombululo se-alkali kunye ne-organic solvent, kwaye ine-thermoplasticity. I-Solubility ikakhulu ixhomekeke kwizinto ezine: okokuqala, ukunyibilika kuyahluka kunye ne-viscosity, i-viscosity ephantsi, i-solubility enkulu. Okwesibini, iimpawu zamaqela aqaliswe kwinkqubo ye-etherification, iqela elikhulu laziswa, i-solubility ephantsi; Okukhona iqela lazisa ngepolar, kokukhona i-ether yeselulosi ikukunyibilika emanzini. Okwesithathu, iqondo lokutshintshwa kunye nokusabalalisa amaqela e-etherified kwii-macromolecules. Uninzi lwee-ether ze-cellulose zinokunyibilika kuphela emanzini phantsi kweqondo elithile lokutshintshwa. Okwesine, iqondo lepolymerization ye-cellulose ether, iqondo eliphezulu le-polymerization, i-soluble encinci; iqondo elisezantsi lepolymerization, ibanzi uluhlu lweqondo lokuthatha indawo enokuthi inyibilikiswe emanzini.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-cellulose ether, kunye nokusebenza ukuba abaninzi abavelisi bepowder eyomileyo basekhaya, ngakumbi abo bakwiingingqi ezisezantsi ezinokushisa okuphezulu, banikele ingqalelo. Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar ziquka inani le-cellulose ether eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity, i-particle fineness kunye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetyenziswa. Ukuphakama kwesixa se-cellulose ether esongeziweyo, ngcono isiphumo sokugcina amanzi; I-viscosity enkulu, ingcono isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi; amasuntswana acolekileyo, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono.
(3) I-Viscosity
I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yeemveliso ze-cellulose ether. Okwangoku, abavelisi be-cellulose ether ezahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahluke kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide ziphindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa uthelekisa i-viscosity, kufuneka iqhutywe phakathi kweendlela ezifanayo zokuvavanya, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, ingcono isiphumo sokugcina amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, ukuphakama kwe-molecular weight of cellulose ether, kunye nokuncipha okuhambelanayo kwi-solubility yayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuyabonakala ngakumbi umphumo wokuqina kumdaka, kodwa awuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, i-viscous ngakumbi udaka olumanzi luya kuba. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, kubonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukunyusa amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi ngokwalo. Ngexesha lokwakha, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali. Ngokuchasene noko, i-viscosity ethile ephakathi kunye nephantsi kodwa i-methyl cellulose ethers elungisiweyo inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo ekuphuculeni amandla okwakhiwa kodaka olumanzi.
(4) Ukucoleka kwamasuntswana:
I-ether ye-cellulose esetyenziselwa udaka oluxutywayo olulungeleyo lufuneka ukuba lube ngumgubo, kunye nomxholo wamanzi aphantsi, kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kufuna i-20% ukuya kwi-60% ye-particle size ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63 μm. Ukulunga kuchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-cellulose ether. I-coarse cellulose ethers ihlala ikwimo yegranules, ekulula ukuyichitha kunye nokunyibilika emanzini ngaphandle kokudibanisa, kodwa isantya sokunyibilika sicotha kakhulu, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwidaka esele ilungile (ezinye iimveliso zasekhaya zihamba nge-flocculent; akulula ukusasaza kunye nokunyibilika emanzini, kwaye ulungele ukwenza i-caking). Kwi-mortar esele ixutywe, i-cellulose ether ihlakazwa phakathi kwee-aggregates, iifilisi ezintle kunye nesamente kunye nezinye izinto ze-cementing. Kuphela umgubo ocolekileyo ngokwaneleyo unokunqanda i-cellulose ether agglomeration xa ixutywa namanzi. Xa i-cellulose ether yongezwa ngamanzi ukutshabalalisa i-agglomeration, kunzima kakhulu ukusabalalisa kunye nokuchithwa.
(5) Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether
Ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kukwandiswa kokusebenza kwayo, kwaye iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Iimpawu ze-cellulose ether zinokuphuculwa ukuze kulungiswe ukumanzi kwayo, i-dispersibility, i-adhesion, i-thickening, i-emulsification, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye neempawu zokwenza ifilimu, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwayo kwioli.
4. Impembelelo yobushushu be-ambient ekugcinweni kwamanzi odaka
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kunciphisa ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, udaka luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-40 ° C) kwiindawo ezininzi. Ukuhla kokugcinwa kwamanzi kubangele impembelelo ebonakalayo ekusebenzeni kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka. Ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwiqondo lokushisa kuya kukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kweempawu zodaka, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ifuthe lemiba yobushushu phantsi kwale meko. Iiresiphi zodaka zahlengahlengiswa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uninzi lweenguqu ezibalulekileyo zenziwa kwiiresiphi zamaxesha onyaka. Nangona ukunyusa umthamo (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, nto leyo efuna unyango olukhethekileyo lwe-ether cellulose, njengokwandisa iqondo le-etherification, njl., ukwenzela ukuba umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi unokuba iphunyezwe kubushushu obuphezulu noko. Igcina umphumo ongcono xa iphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba inikeze ukusebenza okungcono kwiimeko ezinzima.
5. Isicelo kwi-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo
Kwi-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo, i-cellulose ether idlala indima yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kokwakhiwa. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuqinisekisa ukuba udaka aluyi kubangela isanti, umgubo kunye nokunciphisa amandla ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi kunye ne-hydration engaphelelanga. Isiphumo sokuqina siphakamisa kakhulu amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi. Ukongezwa kwe-ether ye-cellulose kunokuphucula kakhulu i-viscosity emanzi yodaka olumanzi, kwaye ibe ne-viscosity efanelekileyo kwii-substrates ezahlukeneyo, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukusebenza kodonga lodaka olumanzi kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma. Ukongezelela, indima ye-cellulose ether kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo nayo ihluke. Ngokomzekelo, kwii-adhesives tile, i-cellulose ether inokunyusa ixesha lokuvula kunye nokulungelelanisa ixesha; kumatshini wokutshiza udaka, unokuphucula amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi; kwi-self-leveling, inokuthintela ukuhlaliswa, Ukwahlula kunye ne-stratification. Ngoko ke, njengesongezo esibalulekileyo, i-cellulose ether isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-powder mortar.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-11-2023