Ingxoxo malunga neMiba eChaphazela ukuSetyenzwa kodaka

Ukumanzi kodaka, okuhlala kubhekiselwa kuko njengokusebenza okanye ukungaguquguquki, yipropathi ebalulekileyo echaphazela imiba eyahlukeneyo yolwakhiwo, kubandakanya nokubeka lula, ukucutheka, kunye nokugqiba. Zininzi izinto ezinefuthe ekumanzini kodaka, kwaye ukuqonda ezi zinto zibalulekile ukuze kuphunyezwe ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha. Nantsi ingxoxo ngezinye izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ubumanzi bodaka:

1. I-Water-to-Binder Ratio: I-water-to-binder ratio, emele umlinganiselo wamanzi kwizinto zesamente (isamente, ikalika, okanye indibaniselwano), ichaphazela kakhulu ukumanzi kodaka. Ukwandisa umxholo wamanzi kunokuphucula ukusebenza ngokunciphisa i-viscosity kunye nokwandisa ukuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi amaninzi angabangela ulwahlulo, ukopha, kunye nokunciphisa amandla, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukugcina umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamanzi ukuya kwi-binder kumanzi afunekayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kodaka.
2. Uhlobo kunye noHlelo lweeAggregates: Uhlobo, ubungakanani, imilo, kunye nokuhlelwa kwee-aggregates ezisetyenziselwa udaka kuchaphazela iimpawu zayo ze-rheological kunye ne-fluidity. I-aggregates emihle, efana nesanti, iphucula ukusebenza ngokuzalisa i-voids kunye ne-lubricating particles, ngelixa i-coarse aggregates inika ukuzinza kunye namandla. I-aggregates esemgangathweni kunye nokusabalalisa okulinganayo kobukhulu beengqungquthela kunokunyusa ukuxinana kokupakisha kunye nokuhamba komdaka, okukhokelela ekuphuculeni umbane kunye nokubambisana.
3. Ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani beNcam: Ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani beqhekeza lezinto ze-cementitious kunye nee-aggregates zichaphazela ukuxinana kokupakisha, ukungqubana kwe-interparticle, kunye nokuhamba komdaka. Iincinci ezincinci zinokuzalisa i-voids phakathi kwamaqhekeza amakhulu, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa ukukhuhla kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuhluka okubanzi kobukhulu bamasuntswana kunokukhokelela ekuhlukaneni kwamasuntswana, ukudityaniswa okungalunganga, kunye nokuncipha kwamanzi.
4. Imixube yeMichiza: Imixube yeekhemikhali, njengezinciphisi zamanzi, iiplasticizers, kunye ne-superplasticizers, inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukunyibilika kodaka ngokuguqula iimpawu zayo zerheological. Abanciphisi bamanzi banciphisa umthamo wamanzi ofunekayo kwi-slump enikeziweyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla. Iiplastiki zeplastiki ziphucula ukubambisana kunye nokunciphisa i-viscosity, ngelixa ii-superplasticizers zibonelela ngokuhamba okuphezulu kunye neempawu zokuziphakamisa, ngokukodwa kwi-self-compact mortars.
5. Uhlobo lweBinder kunye noKubunjwa: Uhlobo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezibophelelo, ezifana nesamente, ikalika, okanye indibaniselwano yazo, zinefuthe kwi-hydration kinetics, ixesha lokubeka, kunye nokuziphatha kwe-rheological yodaka. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zesamente (umzekelo, i-samente yasePortland, i-samente edibeneyo) kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo ze-cementitious (umz., i-fly ash, i-slag, i-silica fume) inokuchaphazela umbane kunye nokuhambelana kodaka ngenxa yokwahluka kobukhulu bamasuntswana, ukuphinda kusebenze, kunye neempawu ze-hydration.
6. Inkqubo yokuxuba kunye neZixhobo: Inkqubo yokuxuba kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa umdaka unokuchaphazela umbane kunye ne-homogeneity. Ubuchule bokuxuba obufanelekileyo, kubandakanywa ixesha lokuxuba elifanelekileyo, isantya, kunye nokulandelelana kokongezwa kwezinto, kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ukusabalalisa okufanayo kwezithako kunye neepropati ezihambelanayo ze-rheological. Ukuxuba okungafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwi-hydration engafanelekanga, ukuhlukana kwamaqhekeza, kunye nokusabalalisa okungafaniyo kwee-admixtures, okuchaphazela umbane kunye nokusebenza komdaka.
7. IiMeko zokusiNgqongileyo: Imiba yokusingqongileyo efana nobushushu, ukufuma, kunye nesantya somoya zinokuphembelela ukumanzi kodaka ngexesha lokuxutywa, ukuthuthwa, kunye nokubekwa. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu akhawulezisa i-hydration kunye nokusetha, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kweplastiki. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi anokucutha ukusetwa kunye nokunciphisa ukumanzi, kufuna ulungelelwaniso lokuxuba imilinganiselo kunye needosi ezixubeneyo ukugcina ukusebenza okufunekayo.

ubumanzi bomdaka buphenjelelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto ezinxulumene nemathiriyeli, uyilo lomxube, iinkqubo zokuxuba, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo ezi zinto kunye nokwandisa imilinganiselo yokuxuba, iingcali zokwakha zinokufikelela udaka kunye nolwelo olufunekayo, ukungaguquguquki, kunye nokusebenza kwizicelo ezithile kunye neemfuno zeprojekthi.