Udaka olomileyo lomgubo yipolima eyomileyo exutywe nodaka okanye umgubo owomileyo owenziwe ngodaka. Luhlobo lwesamente kunye negypsum njengeyona nto isisiseko. Ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi wokwakha, i-powder eyomileyo yokwakha i-aggregates kunye nezongezo zongezwa kwinqanaba elithile. Yinto yokwakha yodaka enokuthi ixutywe ngokulinganayo, ihanjiswe kwindawo yokwakha ngeengxowa okanye ngobuninzi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokufaka amanzi.
Iimveliso zodaka zodaka eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya umgubo wetayile encamathelayo, umgubo wokwaleka eludongeni, udaka olomileyo eludongeni, ikhonkrithi eyomileyo yomgubo, njl.
Udaka lomgubo olomileyo lunamacandelo amathathu ubuncinci: isibophelelo, iaggregate, kunye nezongezo zodaka.
Ukwakhiwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada yodaka olomileyo lomgubo:
1. Izinto zokubopha udaka
(1) Izinto ezincamathelayo ezingaphiliyo:
I-Inorganic adhesives ibandakanya isamente yePortland eqhelekileyo, isamente ye-alumina ephezulu, isamente ekhethekileyo, igypsum, i-anhydrite, njl.
(2) Izinto ezincamathelayo zezinto eziphilayo:
Ukuncamatheliswa kwezinto eziphilayo kubhekiselele kumgubo welatex odispersible, eyipolymer engumgubo eyenziwe ngokomiswa okuchanekileyo kokutshiza (kunye nokukhethwa kwezongezo ezifanelekileyo) zepolymer emulsion. Umgubo wepolymer owomileyo kunye namanzi uba yi-emulsion. Iyakwazi ukuchithwa kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuba iinqununu ze-polymer zenze isakhiwo somzimba we-polymer kwi-samente yodaka, efana nenkqubo ye-emulsion ye-polymer, kwaye idlala indima ekuguquleni udaka lwe-samente.
Ngokwemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo, ukuguqulwa kodaka olomileyo olunomgubo wepolymer oluphinda-phindayo lunokuphucula amandla okudibanisa kunye ne-substrates ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphucula ukuguquguquka, ukukhubazeka, amandla okugoba kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kodaka, ukuqina, ukuhambelana kunye nobuninzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. umthamo kunye nokwakhiwa.
I-latex enokuphinda ihlakazwe umgubo wodaka womxube owomileyo ibandakanya ikakhulu ezi ndidi zilandelayo: ① i-styrene-butadiene copolymer; ② i-styrene-acrylic acid copolymer; ③ i-vinyl acetate copolymer; ④ i-polyacrylate homopolymer; ⑤ I-Styrene Acetate Copolymer; ⑥ IVinyl Acetate-Ethylene Copolymer.
2. Udityaniso:
I-aggregate yohlulwe ibe yi-aggregate erhabaxa kunye ne-fine aggregate. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zekhonkrithi. Isebenza kakhulu njenge-skeleton kwaye inciphisa utshintsho lwevolumu olubangelwa ukucutheka kunye nokudumba kwezinto ze-cementitious ngexesha lokumisela kunye nenkqubo yokuqina, kwaye isetyenziswe njengesizaliso esincinci kwizinto ze-cementitious. Kukho i-aggregates yendalo kunye ne-artificial aggregates, yangaphambili efana negrabile, amatye, i-pumice, isanti yendalo, njl.; Ezokugqibela ezifana ne-cinder, i-slag, i-ceramsite, i-perlite eyandisiweyo, njl.
3. Izongezo zodaka
(1) Iselulosi ether:
Ngodaka olomileyo, inani elongezelelweyo le-ether ye-cellulose liphantsi kakhulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-0.02% -0.7%), kodwa inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, kwaye iyona nto yokongeza echaphazela ukwakhiwa kodaka.
Kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo, ngenxa yokuba i-ionic cellulose ayizinzile phambi kwe-calcium ions, ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zomgubo ezomileyo ezisebenzisa i-samente, i-lime e-slaked, njl. njengezinto zokuhlanganisa. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ikwasetyenziswa kwezinye iimveliso zomgubo owomileyo, kodwa isabelo sincinci kakhulu.
I-cellulose ethers esetyenziswe kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo i-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether (HPMC), ebizwa ngokuba yi-MC.
Iimpawu zeMC: Ukubambelela kunye nokwakhiwa zizinto ezimbini ezichaphazelayo; ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukuphepha ukuguquka kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza, ukwenzela ukuba ubukhulu bomgangatho wodaka bunokuncipha kakhulu.
(2) i-anti-crack fiber
Ayiyonto eyenziwe ngabantu bale mihla ukuxuba iintsinga zibe ngudaka njengezixhobo zokuqinisa ezichasene nokuqhekeka. Kumaxesha amandulo, ookhokho bethu basebenzise imicu yendalo njengezinto zokuqinisa ezinye izibophelelo ezingaphiliyo, ezinjengokuxuba imicu yesityalo kunye nodaka lwekalika ukwakha iiTempile kunye neeholo, ukusebenzisa isilika yehemp kunye nodaka ukubumba imifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaBuddha, ukusebenzisa ingca yengqolowa kumalungu amafutshane kunye nodaka olutyheli. ukwakha izindlu, ukusebenzisa iinwele zabantu kunye nezilwanyana ukulungisa iziko, ukusebenzisa imicu yepulp, ikalika, kunye negypsum ukupeyinta iindonga kunye nokwenza iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zegypsum; njl. linda. Ukongeza iintsinga kwizinto ezisisiseko sesamente ukwenza imidibaniso esekwe kwisamente eyomeleziweyo ngumcimbi kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje.
Iimveliso zesamente, amacandelo okanye izakhiwo ziya kuvelisa i-microcracks ezininzi ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwe-microstructure kunye nomthamo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqina kwe-samente, kwaye iya kwanda kunye noshintsho ekunciphiseni ukomisa, utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa, kunye nemithwalo yangaphandle. Xa iphantsi kwamandla angaphandle, iifibers zidlala indima ekunciphiseni nasekuthinteleni ukwandiswa kwee-micro-cracks. Iifibers zi-criss-cross kunye ne-isotropic, zidla kwaye zinciphisa uxinzelelo, zithintela ukuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo kweentanda, kwaye zidlala indima ekuthinteleni iintanda.
Ukongezwa kwee-fibers kunokwenza i-dry-mixed mortar ibe nomgangatho ophezulu, ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuchasana nokuqhekeka, ukunganyanzeli, ukunyanzeliswa kokuqhuma, ukuchasana kwempembelelo, ukumelana nokuqhaqhazela, ukuxhatshazwa kokugqoka, ukuguga kunye neminye imisebenzi.
(3) I-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi
Isinciphisi samanzi sisidibanisi sekhonkrithi esinokuthi sinciphise umthamo wamanzi okuxuba ngelixa ugcina ukudilika kwekhonkrithi ngokusisiseko kungatshintshwanga. Uninzi lwazo zi-anionic surfactants, ezifana ne-lignosulfonate, i-naphthalenesulfonate formaldehyde polymer, njl. Emva kokongezwa kumxube wekhonkrithi, inokusasaza amaqhekeza e-samente, iphucule ukusebenza kwayo, inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kweyunithi, iphucule i-fluidity yomxube wekhonkrithi; okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwesamente kunye nokugcina isamente.
Ngokutsho kokunciphisa kunye nokuqinisa amandla e-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi, yahlulwe kwi-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi eqhelekileyo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-8%, elimelwe yi-lignosulfonate), i-agent ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi. (ekwaziwa njenge-superplasticizer) I-Plasticizer, izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-14%, kubandakanywa ne-naphthalene, i-melamine, i-sulfamate, i-aliphatic, njl. kunye ne-agent ephezulu yokunciphisa amanzi (izinga lokunciphisa amanzi alikho ngaphantsi kwe-25%, i-polycarboxylic acid Imelwe yi-superplasticizer), kwaye ihlulwe ngohlobo lwamandla okuqala, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo kunye nohlobo olude.
Ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali, ihlala yohlulwa ibe: i-lignosulfonate-based superplasticizers, i-naphthalene-based superplasticizers, i-melamine-based superplasticizers, i-sulfamate-based superplasticizers, kunye ne-fatty-based superplasticizers. Iiarhente zamanzi, ii-polycarboxylate-based superplasticizers.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kwi-powder mortar eyomileyo inemiba elandelayo: i-samente self-leveling, i-gypsum self-leveling, i-mortar yokufaka i-plastering, i-mortar engenamanzi, i-putty, njl.
Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka kukhethwe ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo zodaka.
(4) I-ether yesitatshi
Isitashi se-ether sisetyenziswa ikakhulu kudaka lolwakhiwo, olunokuthi luchaphazele ukuhambelana kodaka olusekwe kwigypsum, isamente kunye nekalika, kwaye utshintshe ukwakhiwa kunye nokumelana nodaka lodaka. Ii-ethers zesitatshi zidla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-ethers ye-cellulose engaguqukiyo kunye ne-modified. Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zombini ezingathathi hlangothi kunye ne-alkaline, kwaye iyahambelana nezongezo ezininzi kwi-gypsum kunye neemveliso zesamente (njengama-surfactants, i-MC, isitashi kunye ne-polyvinyl acetate kunye nezinye iipolymers ezinyibilikayo emanzini).
Iimpawu ze-starch ether ikakhulu zilele: ukuphucula ukumelana ne-sag; ukuphucula ulwakhiwo; ukuphucula isivuno sodaka, ikakhulu esetyenziselwa: udaka olwenziwe ngesandla okanye umatshini otshizwe ngomatshini osekelwe kwisamente kunye ne-gypsum, i-caulk kunye ne-adhesive; i-adhesive tile; imasonry Yakha udaka.
Qaphela: Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo wesitashi se-ether kudaka yi-0.01-0.1%.
(5) Ezinye izongezo:
I-arhente yokungenisa umoya yazisa inani elikhulu lamaqamza amancinci asasazwa ngokufanayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba udaka, okunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa komphezulu wodaka lokuxuba amanzi, ngaloo ndlela kukhokelela ekuhlakazekeni okungcono kunye nokunciphisa ukopha kunye nokwahlulwa kodaka-ikhonkrithi. umxube. Izongezo, ubukhulu becala i-sodium sulfonate enamafutha kunye ne-sodium sulfate, umthamo ngu-0.005-0.02%.
Iiretarders zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-gypsum mortars kunye ne-gypsum-based joint fillers. Ubukhulu becala sisisiqhamo seetyuwa zeasidi, ngokuqhelekileyo zongezwa kwisixa se-0.05% -0.25%.
Ii-Hydrophobic agents (izinto ezigxotha amanzi) zithintela amanzi ukuba angangeni kudaka, ngelixa udaka luhlala luvulekile ukuze umphunga wamanzi usasazeke. I-Hydrophobic polymer powders redispersible isetyenziswa kakhulu.
I-Defoamer, ukunceda ukukhulula ama-bubbles omoya afakwe kwaye aveliswe ngexesha lokuxuba udaka kunye nokwakhiwa, ukuphucula amandla oxinzelelo, ukuphucula imeko yomhlaba, i-dosage 0.02-0.5%.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-09-2023