I-Cellulose ether yipolymer yokwenziwa eyenziwe kwi-cellulose yendalo ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. I-ether ye-cellulose iphuma kwi-cellulose yendalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kuyahluka kwiipolymers zokwenziwa. Izinto zayo ezisisiseko ziyi-cellulose, i-polymer compound yendalo. Ngenxa yobungcali besakhiwo se-cellulose yendalo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinakho ukusabela kunye nee-etherification agents. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunyangwa kwe-ejenti yokuvuvukala, iibhondi ze-hydrogen ezomeleleyo phakathi kwamatyathanga e-molecular kunye namatyathanga atshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo kweqela le-hydroxyl kuba yi-alkali cellulose esebenzayo. Fumana i-cellulose ether.
Kwimixube esele ilungile, isixa esongezelelweyo se-cellulose ether iphantsi kakhulu, kodwa inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, kwaye iyona nto yokongeza echaphazela ukwakhiwa kodaka. Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwee-cellulose ethers zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, i-viscosities eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu beentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iidigri ezihlukeneyo ze-viscosity kunye neemali ezongezelelweyo ziya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-powder mortar. Okwangoku, udaka oluninzi lwe-masonry kunye ne-plastering lunokusebenza okungahambi kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye i-slurry yamanzi iya kwahlula emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-methyl cellulose ether, kwaye ikwayintsebenzo eyenziwa ngabavelisi abaninzi basekhaya abaxubene nodaka, ngakumbi abo bakwiingingqi ezisemazantsi ezinobushushu obuphezulu, banikele ingqalelo kuyo. Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka womxube owomileyo uquka inani le-MC elongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-MC, i-fineness of particles kunye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetyenziswa.
Iimpawu ze-cellulose ethers zixhomekeke kuhlobo, inani kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ulwahlulo lwe-cellulose ethers lukwasekelwe kuhlobo lwabaxumi, i-degree of etherification, i-solubility kunye neepropati ezinxulumene nesicelo. Ngokohlobo lwababambeleyo kwitsheyini yemolekyuli, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether kunye ne-ether edibeneyo. I-MC esiqhele ukuyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kwaye i-HPMC ixutywe i-ether. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC yimveliso emva kweqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose yendalo ifakwe endaweni ye-methoxy. Ifomula yolwakhiwo ngu [COH7O2(OH)3-h(OCH3)h ]x. Inxalenye yeqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ithathelwa indawo liqela le-methoxy, kwaye enye inxalenye yatshintshwa liqela le-hydroxypropyl, ifomula yesakhiwo [C6H7O2 (OH) 3-mn (OCH3) m[OCH2CH (OH) CH3] n] x I-Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ezi zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-solubility, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-non-ionic. Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezingenayo i-ionic ezinyibilikayo zamanzi zenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo amabini e-alkyl ethers kunye ne-hydroxyalkyl ethers. I-Ionic CMC isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicoci zokwenziwa, ushicilelo lwelaphu kunye nokudaya, ukutya kunye nokuhlola ioli. I-non-ionic MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njl njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto zokwakha, iingubo ze-latex, amayeza, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl njl. Isetyenziswe njenge-thickener, i-agent egcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kunye ne-agent eyenza ifilimu.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi e-cellulose ether: Ukuveliswa kwezinto zokwakha, ngokukodwa udaka lomgubo olomileyo, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakulinganiswa, ngakumbi ekuveliseni udaka olukhethekileyo (udaka olulungisiweyo), luyinto eyimfuneko kwaye ibalulekileyo . Indima ebalulekileyo ye-ether cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini kudaka ikakhulu inemiba emithathu:
1. Umthamo ogqwesileyo wokugcinwa kwamanzi
2. Umphumo wokuhambelana kodaka kunye ne-thixotropy
3. Ukusebenzisana nesamente.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-ether ye-cellulose kuxhomekeke ekufunjweni kwamanzi kwinqanaba lesiseko, ukubunjwa kodaka, ubukhulu bodaka lodaka, imfuno yamanzi yodaka, kunye nexesha lokumisela izinto zokumisela. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuvela kwi-solubility kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo. Njengoko sonke sisazi, nangona i-cellulose i-molecular chain iqulethe inani elikhulu lamaqela e-OH anamandla, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kuba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity. Isakhono se-hydration samaqela e-hydroxyl iyodwa akwanelanga ukugubungela iibhondi ze-hydrogen ezomeleleyo kunye ne-van der Waals phakathi kwee-molecule. Ngoko ke, idumba kuphela kodwa ayinyibiliki emanzini. Xa i-substituent ingeniswa kwitsheyina le-molecular, kungekhona nje i-substituent etshabalalisa ikhonkco le-hydrogen, kodwa kunye ne-interchain ye-hydrogen bond iyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-substituent phakathi kwamatyathanga akufutshane. Ubukhulu be-substitute, umgama omkhulu phakathi kweemolekyuli. Umgama mkhulu. Umphumo omkhulu wokutshabalalisa iibhondi ze-hydrogen, i-ether ye-cellulose iba yi-soluble yamanzi emva kokuba i-cellulose lattice yanda kwaye isisombululo singena, senza isisombululo esiphezulu se-viscosity. Xa izinga lokushisa liphakama, i-hydration ye-polymer iyancipha, kwaye amanzi phakathi kwamaketanga akhutshwa ngaphandle. Xa isiphumo sokuchithwa kwamanzi sanele, iimolekyuli ziqala ukudibanisa, zenza ijeli yesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-dimensional emithathu kwaye ihlanganiswe ngaphandle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2022