A. Imfuneko yokugcinwa kwamanzi
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi eludaka kubhekiselele kubuchule bodaka ukugcina amanzi. Udaka olunokugcinwa kakubi kwamanzi luthanda ukopha kunye nokwahlula ngexesha lokuthuthwa kunye nokugcinwa, oko kukuthi, amanzi adada ngaphezulu, kunye nesanti kunye nesamente ishona ngaphantsi. Kufuneka ihlaziywe kwakhona ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa.
Zonke iintlobo zeziseko ezifuna udaka ekwakhiweni zinokufunxa okuthile kwamanzi. Ukuba ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka kubi, i-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo iya kuxutywa ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-mortar edibeneyo idibene nebhloko okanye isiseko ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kodaka. Kwangaxeshanye, umphezulu wodaka uphuphuma amanzi emoyeni, nto leyo ebangela ukufuma okunganelanga eludaka ngenxa yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo echaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwesamente ngakumbi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuchaphazela uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwamandla odaka. , okubangela amandla, ngakumbi ujongano phakathi kodaka oluqinileyo kunye nomgangatho wesiseko. iba ngaphantsi, ibangela ukuba udaka luqhekeke kwaye liwe. Ngodaka olunokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi, i-cement hydration yanele ngokwaneleyo, amandla anokuphuhliswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye inokudibaniswa ngcono kwinqanaba lesiseko.
Udaka olulungeleyo oluxutywe ngokuqhelekileyo lwakhiwe phakathi kweebhloko zokufunxa amanzi okanye zisasazwe kwisiseko, zenza yonke into kunye nesiseko. Iimpembelelo zokugcinwa kwamanzi okulambathayo kodaka kumgangatho weprojekthi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
1. Ngenxa yokulahleka okugqithisileyo kwamanzi kumdaka, kuya kuchaphazela ukudityaniswa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuqina kodaka, kunye nokunciphisa amandla okudibanisa phakathi kodaka kunye nomphezulu, okungekho kuphazamiseka kuphela kwimisebenzi yokwakha, kodwa kwakhona kunciphisa umbane. amandla okwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu umgangatho weprojekthi.
2. Ukuba udaka alubopheli kakuhle, amanzi athatyathwa ngokulula ngezitena, okwenza udaka lome kakhulu kwaye lube lukhulu, kwaye isicelo asilingani. Xa iprojekthi iphunyezwa, ayichaphazeli kuphela inkqubela phambili, kodwa yenza ukuba udonga lube nokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokunciphisa;
Ngoko ke, ukwandisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka akuncedi nje kuphela ukwakhiwa, kodwa kwandisa amandla.
B. Iindlela zemveli zokugcina amanzi
Isisombululo sendabuko kukunkcenkceshela isiseko, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiseko sinomanzi ngokulinganayo. Injongo efanelekileyo ye-hydration ye-cement mortar kwisiseko kukuba: imveliso ye-cement hydration ingena kwisiseko kunye nenkqubo yesiseko esithatha amanzi, senze "uqhagamshelwano oluphambili" olusebenzayo kunye nesiseko, ukuze kufezekiswe amandla afunekayo ebhondi.
Ukunkcenkceshela ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu wesiseko kuya kubangela ukusasazwa okunzulu ekufunxeni kwamanzi kwisiseko ngenxa yokungafani kobushushu, ixesha lokunkcenkceshela, kunye nokufana kwamanzi. Isiseko sinokufunxa okuncinci kwamanzi kwaye siya kuqhubeka nokufunxa amanzi kumdaka. Ngaphambi kokuba i-cement hydration iqhube, amanzi axutywe, achaphazela ukungena kwe-cement hydration kunye nemveliso ye-hydration kwi-matrix; isiseko sinokufunxa okukhulu kwamanzi, kwaye amanzi kumdaka ageleza ukuya kwisiseko. Isantya semfuduko esiphakathi siyacotha, kwaye kwakhiwe umaleko otyebileyo wamanzi phakathi kodaka kunye ne-matrix, ekwachaphazela amandla ebhondi. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa indlela yokunkcenkceshela isiseko esiqhelekileyo akuyi kuphumelela kuphela ukusombulula ngokufanelekileyo ingxaki yokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi aphezulu kwisiseko sodonga, kodwa kuya kuchaphazela amandla okubambisana phakathi kodaka kunye nesiseko, okubangelwa ukugoba kunye nokuqhekeka.
C. Indima yogcino lwamanzi olusebenzayo
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu kodaka kuneenzuzo ezininzi:
1. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwenza ukuba udaka luvuleke ixesha elide, kwaye lunenzuzo yokwakhiwa kwendawo enkulu, ubomi benkonzo ende kwibhakethi, kunye nokuxuba ibhetshi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhetshi.
2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwenza i-samente kwi-mortar i-hydrated ngokupheleleyo, iphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwe-bonding yodaka.
3. Udaka lunomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokugcinwa kwamanzi, okwenza ukuba udaka lungabi lula ukuhlukana kunye nokuphuma kwegazi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokwakhiwa kodaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2023