ISISHWANKATHELO:
I-1. Ukumanzisa kunye nokusasaza iarhente
2. Defoamer
I-3. I-thi coker
I-4. Ukuqulunqwa kwefilimu
I-5. I-anti-colosion, i-anti-danildew kunye ne-anti-algae agent
I-6. Ezinye izongezo
Iarhente emanzi kunye nokusasaza iarhente:
Amatyala asekwe emanzini asebenzisa amanzi njengesinyibilikisi okanye ukusasazeka okuphakathi, kwaye amanzi anendawo enkulu ye-dielectric, ke amaqela asekwe emanzini alungiswa ikakhulu yi-elektrostatic xa umbane wamanzi. Ukongeza, kwinkqubo esekwe emanzini, kuhlala kukho ii-polymers kunye ne-polymers ye-ionic ye-Ionic, ezingenamkhenkce kumphezulu we-filmer filid, zenza isithintelo se-steyice kwaye zizimisele ukusasazeka. Ke ngoko, iipende ezisekwe emanzini kunye nee-eulsions zifezekisa iziphumo ezihlanganisiweyo ngesenzo esidibeneyo sokubuyiswa kwe-elektrostiki kunye ne-steric steric. Ukungaqiniseki kwayo kuyingxaki yokunganyangeki ye-electrolyte, ngakumbi kumaxabiso amanqam aphezulu.
1.1 Iarhente emanzi
Iiarhente ezimanzi zengubo ye-Waterbornergy zahlulahlulwe zaba yi-audic kunye ne-Intanethi.
Ukudityaniswa kwe-arhente yokumanyanisa kunye nearhente yokusasaza ikwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo. Imali yearhente yokuma amanzi ngokubanzi imbalwa kwiwaka. Iziphumo zayo ezibi zitshixiza kwaye zinciphise ukumelana kwamanzi kwefilimu ehlekisayo.
Enye yendlela yophuhliso yearhente emanzi kukutshintsha i-polyoxyyl (benzene) ye-phenol other (i-Apeo okanye i-Apeo okanye i-APEO okanye i-APEO okanye i-APE) ye-hormones emanzi, kuba ikhokelela kwi-endocrine. I-Polyoxyylene Alkyl (Benzene) I-phenol yathuna isetyenziswe ngokubanzi njenge-EMULSISIRS ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa kwe-emulsion Polymerization.
I-Twin surfacants ikwanokuphuhlisa okutsha. Zimbini iimolekyuli ze-Ampringhicilic ezidityaniswe nguSpacer. Elona phawu libonakalayo le-twin-leselokwe kukuba uxinzelelo lwe-mielle (cmc) lungaphezulu komyalelo wobukhulu obuphantsi kuneso sezinto zabo "zeseli" zeseli, zilandelwe ngokusebenza kakuhle. Njengo-Tego Twin 4000, lililin selight seliXane, kwaye inee-film ezingazinzanga kunye neepropathi ezidayayo.
Iimveliso zomoya ziphuhlise i-gemini surfacints. I-rount ye-subfrophoges inomsila we-hydrophobic kunye nentloko ye-hydrophilic, kodwa le ndlu intsha inee-hydrophothic ezimbini kunye namaqela amabini okanye amathathu awaziwayo, iimveliso ezifana ne-ERTEGEM ADGEM.
1.2 Ukusasazeka
Ukusasazeka kwepeyinti ye-Latex yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane: abasasazi be-phosphate, abasasazi be-gollucidid, abasasazi be-polluacid be-polluacid, abanye abasasazi kunye nabanye abasasazi.
Olona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu zii-Polyphosphates, ezinjengeSodium Hexumate (i-Sodium Polyphotele (i-Callgon n, i-Polygon n, i-Potgon n, i-Potgon N, i-TTPP) yeTyrophosphate (TKPP). Indlela yesenzo yesenzo sayo kukuzinzisa ukuphindaphinda i-elektrostatic nge-hydrogen bound kunye ne-adsorption yamachiza. Inzuzo yayo kukuba umthamo uphantsi, malunga ne-0.1%, kwaye inefuthe lokusasazeka oluhle kwimigangatho ye-inorganic kunye neefilitha. Kodwa kwakukho nokusilela: enye, kunye nokukhulisa ixabiso le-pH kunye neqondo lokushisa, iPolyphosphate i-hydrolyzed, ibangela uzinzo lwexesha elide; Ukuchithwa okungaphelelanga kwiphakathi kuya kuchaphazela i-gloss ye-glossy paent.
I-phosphate ye-Ester Estters i-Exxtors, iiDisesters, ii-alcohols eziguqulweyo kunye ne-phosphethoric acid.
I-phosphate ye-Ester Esster Ukuzinzisa ukusasazeka kwe-pigment, kubandakanya imigangatho esebenzayo njenge-zinc axide. Kwimizobo yepeyinti ye-gloss, iphucula iiglossi kunye nokuzihlaziya. Ngokungafaniyo nolunye ukumanzi kunye nokusasaza izongezelelo, ukongezwa kwe-phosphate endade ye-phosphate ye-phosphate engachaphazeli i-Kumy Ki kunye ne-ICI Viscosity yeCoid.
I-Polyinacid I-Pomopolymer isisasazi, njenge-tasol 1254 ne-tasol 850, iTamol 850 yi-homolylic acid yeMethacrylic. I-Polyacid Copolymer eshukumisayo, njenge-Orotan 731a, eyi-copolymer ye-diisobutlene kunye ne-acic acid. Iimpawu zezi ntlobo zimbini zabasasazi kukuba zivelisa i-adsorptions eyomeleleyo okanye i-adhoring kumphezulu we-pigments kunye neefilimu, zinemixokelelwane yemolekyuli, kwaye ixhamle i-stein ye-chain, kwaye ezinye zixhaphake kwi-elektrostic yokufezekisa iziphumo ezihlekisayo. Ukwenza ukuba abasasazi baneempawu ezintle, ubunzima bemolekyuli kufuneka balawulwe ngokungqongqo. Ukuba ubunzima bemolekyuli buncinci kakhulu, akuyi kubakho isithintelo se-steyic; Ukuba ubunzima bemolekyuli bukhulu kakhulu, iya kwenzeka ngentyatyambo. Ngee-Pollicylates, olona phumuko ubalaseleyo xa inqanaba le-polymerizazation liyi-12-18.
Ezinye iintlobo zokusasazeka, ezinje nge-AMP-95, zinegama leekhemikhali le-2-Amino-2-I-methyl-1-propanol. Iqela le-Amino liqinisekile kumphezulu wamasuntswana anolwazi, kwaye iqela le-hydroxyl lidlulisela emanzini, edlala indima yokuzinzisa ngokuthintela isithintelo se-steric. Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obuncinci, isithintelo se-steyic silinganiselwe. I-AMP-95 ikakhulu ngumlawuli.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando kubasasazi luye loyise ingxaki yendlela yokubangelwa kukugula kwemolekyuli ephezulu, kunye nophuhliso lobunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli yenye yeendlela. Umzekelo, i-equictur ephakamileyo yemolekyuli eveliswe yi-Emolymerion Polymerization iphuhliswe ngokukodwa ukuhambisa amanzi kwimveliso yamanzi, kufanelekile ukusasazwa kwendalo kunye nokusasazeka kwe-pubnigancy, kwaye kuxhathise amanzi amaninzi.
Amaqela ama-Amino amaqela anobubele obulungileyo kwii-pigment ezininzi nge-acid-usesise okanye i-hydrogen. Ibhloko ye-copolymer isasazeka nge-aminoadrylic acid njengeqela elisebenzayo lithathelwe ingqalelo.
Ukusasazeka nge-dimthylaminoethyl metacrylate njengeqela le-anchoring
I-Tego Prems ezingama-655 zokumanzi kwaye isasaza i-Arsoriting isetyenziswa kwiipeyinti ze-allmotive ye-Allblergy kungekuphela kwi-pigment kuphela kwi-pigment kodwa ikwathintela umgubo wealuminium kuphela ekusebenzeni ngamanzi.
Ngenxa yenkxalabo yendalo esingqongileyo, i-biedegraday emanzi kwaye ikhule isasaza iarhente, njenge-Eroggem AE iguquli-rin-I-Agest kwaye ichithe i-arhente enamanzi asezantsi kwaye ihlazo eliphantsi kunye neearhente ezinamanzi asezantsi.
2 Defoamer:
Zininzi iintlobo zeDefoamers ezisekwe emanzini, ezihlulwe zangamacandelo amathathu: Ii-Demomerali ze-oyile yezimbiwa, i-Polysiloxanes, iiDemomers.
Ii-Demomers ze-oyile eziqhelekileyo zihlala zisetyenziswa, ubukhulu becala kwiflethi kunye ne-semi-gloss paints.
I-Polysiloxane Defoamers inexinzelelo lomphezulu we-Polysiloxane olona xinzelelo lomphezulu, ukudalwa okuqinileyo nokungakhathali kunye nokungabi nazintloni, kodwa xa isetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga, kodwa ziya kubangela ukutshata kwefilimu ehlekisayo kunye nokufikelelwa kakubi.
Ii-Demomers ezisekwe emanzini asemgangathweni azihambelani nesigaba samanzi ukufezekisa injongo yokudimaza, ngoko kulula ukuvelisa isiphene somphezulu kwifilimu ehlekisayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iifolda ze-molecular ziphuhlisiwe.
Lo mmeli we-antiifaum ngumthengisi owenziwe ngokungqala izinto ezisebenzayo ngokuchasene nezinto ezithwalini. I-molecular thein ye-polymer ineqela elimanziweyo le-hydroxyl, isixhobo esisebenzayo esisebenzayo sisasazwa malunga nemolekyuli, into esebenzayo akukho lula ukuba ixhaswe, kwaye ukuhambelana nenkqubo yokuthuka kulungile. Ezo damomers ezinjalo zibandakanya ii-oyile ze-musicrel-ringstar A10, i-Silicon-ene-A30 uthotho, kunye ne-silicon, i-polymers engase-oyile - i-follys ye-oyile - i-polyssers ye-oyile.
Ikwathiwa ukuba lo mgangatho we-molekrive defomer usebenzisa i-slieds ye-super ye-super njengezingasebenzi ezinqabileyo, kwaye uphumelele iziphumo ezilungileyo kwizicelo ezihlekisayo ezisekwe emanzini. Imveliso yomoya iBanga le-Defoamer inikezwe ngu-Stout et al. yi-artylene glylic-esekwe kwi-Amment Arhente ye-Glyccol-esekwe kwi-Defoamer kunye ne-Defoamer enamanzi amaninzi, anjenge-surfynol md 20 kunye ne-surfynol df 37.
Ukongeza, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokuvelisa i-zero-voat, kukho iidiliya ezingena kwi-voC, ezifana ne-Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, njl.
Iibhuleki ezi-3:
Zininzi iintlobo zee-thi cokeiners, okwangoku zihlala zisetyenziswa i-ether ye-ether ye-ether kunye nee-shrivkivers zayo, i-alkali engagungqiyo (hase) kunye ne-polysurethane this (heur).
3.1. I-selsulose ether kunye neengxaki zayo
I-HydroxyEtheetheetheetheetheetheetheetheethy (hec) yaqala ivelise ngenkampani yenkampani ye-carbide yomanyano ngo-1932, kwaye inembali engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70. Okwangoku, iziqwengana ze-seluplose i-ether kunye neendawo zayo ezikhutshiweyo zibandakanya i-HydroxyEse (Hec), I-ICYL Hydroxlose (Ehec), Ithyl Hydroxyl base Selsulose . Phakathi kwabo, i-hec yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwipeyinti ye-Latex.
I-Hydrophose ye-Hydrophose eguqulwe (HMHIC) yazisa inani elincinci le-Hydrophobic Alkyl kwi-Hydrophone ye-Hydrophilic ukuba ibe ngumgangatho wama-330, 331, i-culmool ye-SG-100, iBermooll EHM-100, iBermocoll EHM-100, iBermooll EHM-100, iBermocoll EHM-100, iBermocoll EHM-100. Iziphumo zawo zokuthambisa ziyafana nezo ze-tickeeners zeselselose zinobunzima obukhulu bemolekyuli. Iphucula i-viscofity kunye nenqanaba le-ICI, kwaye inciphise uxinzelelo olungaphezulu, njengokuxinana komhlaba kwi-HEC malunga ne-67mn / m, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-HMHIC lungama-55-65mn / m.
3.2 I-Alkali-Swellenerd tickener
I-Alkali-Swellegleiners yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: Amanzi angenazixhobo-ongenabantu abangenabantu (Ase) kunye ne-Alkali-Swelleging Alkali-Swelled Fickegers (Hase), i-anaion amakhulu. I-ASE engahambelaniyo i-Polylyacryal Alkali i-Emuulsion. I-Hase yoMbutho yi-hydrophobild ye-rolyacylate alkali i-alkali i-flession.
3.3. I-Polyurethane tickener kunye ne-hydrophobild eguqulwe yi-polyurethane tickener
I-Polyurrethane tickener, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengeHur, yi-Hydrophobic ye-Hydrophobic Polyrethane Polymer, eyokwesixhobo se-Ionic Sociclive Shickener. I-heur iqulunqwe ngamacandelo amathathu: Iqela le-hydrophobic, i-hydrophocilic chain kunye neqela lePolyurethane. Iqela le-hydrophobic lidlala indima ye-hydrophobic idlala indima ye-hydrophobic idlala indima ye-hydrophobic kwaye yinto enokuthatha isigqibo sokuziqhelanisa, i-Ocylcyl, i-Hodesicylphenel, isetyenziswayo i-Phylphenal, efana ne-polyoxyylene kunye ne-polyoxyylene kunye ne-polyoxaes. I-molecular thein ye-heur yandiswa ngamaqela ePolyrerthane, njenge-IPDI, TDI kunye HMDI. Inqaku lesakhiwo le-thickerives yokunxulumana kuba bayapheliswa ngamaqela e-hydrophobic. Nangona kunjalo, inqanaba lokufakwa endaweni yamaqela e-hydrophobic kwiziphelo zomibini ezinye izinto ezifumanekayo kurhwebo luye ngaphantsi kwe-0.9, kwaye eyona ilungileyo kuphela 1.7. Iimeko zokuphendula kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo ukufumana i-polyururthane tickener nge-tickener yesiqhelo yokuhanjiswa kwemolekyuli kunye nokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo. Uninzi lwee-hersnthethed zidityaniswe yiPolymerization ye-polymermera, ke ngoko nakufumaneka kwimibutho yezorhwebo ngokubanzi imilinganiselo ebanzi yemolekyuli.
I-Richey et al. Isebenzise i-Fluorest Tracer Pyrene Portor Tickener (PA, inani le-molecular moley i-60000, ubunzima bemilinganiselo yobunzima be-Acryol RMOL kunye ne-patx malunga ne-25 kj / mol; Indawo ehlala kwimolekyuli nganye ye-tickener kumphezulu wamasuntswana ka-Latex imalunga ne-13 NM2, ephathelele iarhente ye-Triton X-405 ye-14 ye-0.9 NM2. I-polyurethane ye-polyurthane tickener efana ne-RM-2020NPPR, DSX 1550, njl njl.
Ukuphuhliswa kwe-Polyurrethane enobuntu obuqaqambileyo okusingqongileyo kufikelelwe ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, i-Byk-425 yi-Voc- kunye ne-apeo-free i-volyarethane pickener tickener. I-Rheolate 210, iBerchi Gel 0434, Tego Vilopals 3010, 3030 kunye ne-3060 yi-Polyurthane ye-Polyurthane ngaphandle kweVOC kunye ne-Apeo.
Ukongeza kwi-Colyrethane ye-Polyrethane echazwe apha ngasentla, kukho ne-ralving-njenge-polyturethane ye-ponturethane. I-Colyurethane ebizwa ngokuba yiPolyurethane tickener ithetha ukuba kukho iqela le-hydrophobic embindini wemolekyuli nganye. Iziqwenga ezinjalo njenge-SCT-200 kunye ne-SCT-275 njl njl.
I-Amininoplast Shipkener Shickener (i-Hydrophobit Aminoplast Shickener-Ubushushu) tshintsha i-amnophone ekhethekileyo yamaqela ama-Hydrophobic emine, kodwa ukuvela kwezi ndawo zine zokuphendula kwahlukile. Kwisiko esiqhelekileyo samaqela e-hydrophobic, kukho kuphela amaqela amabini e-hydrophobic, ngoko ke i-sydrophoner ye-fickener ye-Hino yongezwa, ukuba i-fibrophone i-ticlon, i-opiflo, i-opiflo, i-opiflo Hickenes inamaqela amaninzi avaliweyo. Ewe kunjalo, oku kukwangumlinganiso omkhulu. Le Amino ye-Hydrophobic ye-Hydrophobic inokuthintela umzobo wepeyinti ukusuka ekwenzeni ngenxa yokongezwa kwexabiso le-surfcapes kunye ne-Glycol Sutols xa kudityaniswa umbala. Isizathu kukuba amaqela aqinileyo e-hydrophobic anokuthintela ukuthathwa, kwaye amaqela amaninzi e-hydrophobic anonxibelelwano olomeleleyo. Iziqwenga ezinjalo njenge-piflo tvs.
I-Hydrophobic i-Polyteed Polyteer tickere (i-HMpe) Ukusebenza kwe-Phydrophonered Pollyer Thickener ifana ne-heur, kwaye iimveliso zibandakanya i-Aquafreen200, i-NLS210 ye-hercules.
Indlela yayo yokuqaqamba sisiphumo somibini le-hydrogen kunye neqela lesiphelo. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-thispilers eziqhelekileyo, kuneendlela ezinokuchasana nokulwa kunye nokuchasana ne-SAG. Ngokwemvelo eyahlukeneyo yamaqela esiphelo, iPolysaries Polykea yahlulwahlulwa ziziqwenga ezintathu: i-polylicane ephantsi yePolylicane, iPolyney Polylicars i-tickedars kunye nePolylican ephezulu yePolylida. Ezo zibini zokuqala zisetyenziselwa ukutshata okusekwe kwi-sleckeng, ngelixa i-piclicane ephezulu isetyenziselwa iingubo ezisisiseko ezisisiseko ze-upighffic. Iimveliso zorhwebo zePolarity ephantsi, i-polyling ye-polyling kunye ne-Polylican ePhezulu ye-Polykeans ye-Byk-411, i-Byk-410 ne-Byk-420 ngokulandelelana.
I-Polyamide ye-Polyamide wax i-surtrical i-sheerical i-sheerication ye-ratiolovity intshayelelo yamaqela e-hydrophilic anjenge-peg kwi-molecular thein wax. Okwangoku, ezinye iimpawu zingeniswa elizweni kwaye zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuhlengahlengisa i-Thiyotropy yeNkqubo kwaye iphucule i-anti-thyropy. Ukusebenza okuchasene ne-SAG.
Ixesha leposi: UNV-22 ukuya ku-522