Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yoshishino kunye nokuphuculwa kobugcisa, ngokungeniswa kunye nokuphuculwa koomatshini bokutshiza udaka lwangaphandle, ukutshiza ngoomatshini kunye nobugcisa bokutyabeka buphuhliswe kakhulu kwilizwe lam kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Udaka lokutshiza lomatshini lwahlukile kudaka oluqhelekileyo, olufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu kogcino lwamanzi, ulwelo olufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza okuthile okuchasayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yongezwa kumdaka, apho i-cellulose Ether (HPMC) isetyenziswa kakhulu. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kumdaka zezi: ukuqina kunye ne-viscosifying, ukulungelelanisa i-rheology, kunye nomthamo obalaseleyo wokugcina amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, iintsilelo ze-HPMC azinakungahoywa. I-HPMC inempembelelo yokungenisa umoya, eya kubangela iziphene ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iimpawu zomatshini zodaka. I-Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. yafunda impembelelo ye-HPMC kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, ubuninzi, umxholo womoya kunye neempawu zomatshini zodaka ukusuka kwinkalo ye-macroscopic, kwaye yafunda impembelelo ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kwisakhiwo se-L sodaka olusuka. inkalo yemicroscopic. .
1. Uvavanyo
1.1 Iimathiriyeli ekrwada
I-Cement: ifumaneka ngokurhweba i-P.0 42.5 i-samente, i-28d yayo ye-flexural kunye namandla oxinzelelo yi-6.9 kunye ne-48.2 MPa ngokulandelanayo; isanti: Isanti yomlambo ecocekileyo yaseChengde, i-40-100 mesh; i-cellulose ether: iveliswe nguShandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, umgubo omhlophe, i-viscosity yegama 40, 100, 150, 200 Pa-s; amanzi: amanzi etephu acocekileyo.
1.2 Indlela yokuvavanya
Ngokutsho kwe-JGJ / T 105-2011 "Iimigaqo yoKwakha iMechanical Spraying and Plastering", ukuhambelana komdaka ngu-80-120 mm, kwaye izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu kune-90%. Kulo vavanyo, umlinganiselo we-lime-sand ubekwe kwi-1: 5, ukuhambelana kwakulawulwa kwi (93 + 2) mm, kunye ne-cellulose ether yaxutywa ngaphandle, kwaye inani lokudibanisa lalisekelwe kwi-cement mass. Iimpawu ezisisiseko zodaka ezifana nokuxinana okumanzi, umxholo womoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye nokuhambelana zivavanywa ngokubhekisele kwi-JGJ 70-2009 "Iindlela zoVavanyo lweePropathi eziSisiseko zoMdaka woKwakha", kwaye umxholo womoya uvavanywa kwaye ubalwa ngokuxinana. indlela. Ukulungiswa, ukuguquguquka kunye novavanyo lwamandla oxinzelelo lwemizekelo lwenziwa ngokuhambelana ne-GB / T 17671-1999 "Iindlela zokuvavanya amandla e-Cement Mortar Sand (I-ISO Method)". Ubukhulu bombungu bulinganiswa nge-mercury porosimetry. Imodeli ye-mercury porosimeter yayingu-AUTOPORE 9500, kwaye uluhlu lokulinganisa lwaluyi-5.5 nm-360 μm. Zi-4 iiseti zovavanyo zizonke zaqhutywa. Umlinganiselo we-samente-santi wawuyi-1: 5, i-viscosity ye-HPMC yayiyi-100 Pa-s, kunye ne-dosage 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (amanani ngu-A, B, C, D ngokulandelanayo).
2. Iziphumo kunye nohlalutyo
2.1 Impembelelo ye-HPMC kwiqondo lokugcinwa kwamanzi odaka lwesamente
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubhekiselele kubuchule bodaka ukubamba amanzi. Kumatshini wodaka olutshiziweyo, ukongeza i-cellulose ether kunokugcina amanzi ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa izinga lokopha, kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokugalelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezixhobo ezisekwe kwisamente. Isiphumo se-HPMC kugcino lwamanzi lodaka.
Ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lodaka lonyuka kancinci kancinci. Iigophe ze-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether kunye ne-viscosities ye-100, i-150 kunye ne-200 Pa. Xa umxholo u-0.05% -0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi linyuka ngokulandelelana, kwaye xa umxholo u-0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi likhulu kune-93%. ; Xa isixa segrits sidlula i-0.20%, ukuthambekela kokunyuka kwesantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba sicaba, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba isixa se-HPMC sisondele kwi-saturation. I-curve yempembelelo yesixa se-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-40 Pa.s kwinqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi malunga nomgca othe ngqo. Xa isixa singaphezulu kwe-0.15%, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi lodaka lingaphantsi kakhulu kunelo lezinye iintlobo ezintathu ze-HPMC ezinomlinganiselo ofanayo we-viscosity. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba indlela yokugcina amanzi ye-cellulose ether yile: iqela le-hydroxyl kwi-cellulose ether molekyuli kunye ne-athomu ye-oksijini kwi-ether bond iya kudibanisa ne-molecule yamanzi ukwenza ibhondi ye-hydrogen, ukuze amanzi akhululekile abe ngamanzi adibeneyo. , ngaloo ndlela idlala isiphumo esihle sokugcina amanzi; Kukwakholelwa ukuba ukudibanisa phakathi kweeamolekyu zamanzi kunye ne-cellulose ether ye-molecular chain ivumela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zingene ngaphakathi kwe-cellulose ether macromolecular chain kwaye zixhomekeke kwimikhosi eqinile yokubopha, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-slurry ye-samente. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okugqwesileyo kunokugcina udaka lwe-homogeneous, akukho lula ukwahlula, kwaye ufumane ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxuba, ngelixa unciphisa ukunxiba koomatshini kunye nokwandisa ubomi bomatshini wokutshiza udaka.
2.2 Isiphumo se-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kuxinaniso kunye nomxholo womoya wodaka lwesamente
Xa inani le-HPMC li-0-0.20%, ubuninzi bomdaka buyancipha ngokukhawuleza ngokunyuka kwexabiso le-HPMC, ukusuka kwi-2050 kg / m3 ukuya kwi-1650kg / m3, malunga ne-20% ephantsi; xa isixa se-HPMC sidlula i-0.20%, ukuxinana kuyancipha. ngokuzola. Ukuthelekisa iintlobo ezi-4 ze-HPMC ezine-viscosities ezahlukeneyo, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, ukuxinwa kodaka; iigophe zoxinaniso zodaka kunye viscosities ezixubeneyo 150 kunye 200 Pa.s HPMC ngokusisiseko overlap, ebonisa ukuba njengoko viscosity of HPMC iqhubeka ukwanda, Uxinaniso ayisekho kuncipha.
Umthetho wokutshintsha komthamo womoya wodaka uchasene nokutshintsha kobuninzi bodaka. Xa umxholo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC yi-0-0.20%, ngokunyuka komxholo we-HPMC, umxholo womoya womdaka ukhula phantse ngokulandelelana; umxholo we-HPMC udlula Emva kwe-0.20%, umxholo womoya awutshintshi ngokukhawuleza, obonisa ukuba umphumo wokungena emoyeni womdaka usondele kwi-saturation. Impembelelo ye-air-entraining ye-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-150 kunye ne-200 Pa.s inkulu kune-HPMC ene-viscosity ye-40 kunye ne-100 Pa.s.
Impembelelo ye-air-entraining ye-cellulose ether inqunywe ngokukodwa yisakhiwo sayo se-molecular. I-cellulose ether inamaqela amabini e-hydrophilic (i-hydroxyl, i-ether) kunye namaqela e-hydrophobic (i-methyl, i-glucose ring), kwaye i-surfactant. , inomsebenzi ongaphezulu, ngoko ke inefuthe lokungenisa umoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi eyaziswayo inokusebenza njengebhola ephethe udaka, iphucule ukusebenza kodaka, yandise umthamo, kwaye yandise imveliso, enenzuzo kumenzi. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumo wokungena komoya wandisa umxholo womoya wodaka kunye ne-porosity emva kokuqina, okubangelwa ukwanda kweepores ezinobungozi kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu iipropati zomatshini. Nangona i-HPMC inesiphumo esithile sokungenisa umoya, ayinakuthatha indawo ye-arhente yokungenisa umoya. Ukongezelela, xa i-HPMC kunye ne-air-entraining agent isetyenziswe ngexesha elifanayo, i-agent-entraining agent ingahluleka.
2.3 Ifuthe le-HPMC kwiipropathi zemishini yodaka lwesamente
Xa isixa se-HPMC si-0.05% kuphela, amandla okuguquguquka kodaka ayancipha kakhulu, malunga ne-25% ephantsi kunesampulu engenanto ngaphandle kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo anokufikelela kuphela kwi-65% yesampuli engenanto - 80%. Xa isixa se-HPMC sidlula i-0.20%, ukuhla kwamandla e-flexural kunye namandla oxinzelelo lodaka alubonakali. I-viscosity ye-HPMC inempembelelo encinci kwiipropati zomatshini wodaka. I-HPMC yazisa amaninzi amaqamza omoya amancinci, kwaye impembelelo yokungenisa umoya kwidaka inyusa i-porosity yangaphakathi kunye ne-pores eyingozi yodaka, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla oxinzelelo kunye namandla okuguquguquka. Esinye isizathu sokuhla kwamandla omdaka sisiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi se-cellulose ether, egcina amanzi kumdaka oqinileyo, kwaye umlinganiselo omkhulu we-binder wamanzi ukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ebhloko yokuvavanya. Ngodaka lokwakhiwa koomatshini, nangona i-ether ye-cellulose inokunyusa ngokuphawulekayo izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo, ukuba i-dosage inkulu kakhulu, iya kuchaphazela kakhulu iipropati zoomatshini zodaka, ngoko ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi zibini kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngokunyuka komxholo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, umlinganiselo wokusonga wodaka ubonise ukonyuka kwendlela, eyona nto yayibubudlelwane bomgca. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ether cellulose eyongeziweyo yazisa inani elikhulu lamaqamza omoya, nto leyo ebangela iziphene ngakumbi ngaphakathi kodaka, kwaye amandla oxinzelelo lwesikhokelo wavuka udaka kuncipha kakhulu, nangona amandla e-flexural nawo ayancipha ukuya kwinqanaba elithile; kodwa i-ether cellulose inokuphucula ukuguquguquka kodaka, Kuyinzuzo kumandla aguquguqukayo, okwenza ukuba izinga lokunciphisa lihle. Ukuqwalasela ngokubanzi, umphumo odibeneyo wezi zibini ukhokelela ekwandeni komlinganiselo wokusonga.
2.4 Isiphumo se-HPMC kwidayamitha ye-L yodaka
Ukusuka kwigophe lokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore, idatha yokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore kunye nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yezibalo zeesampulu ze-AD, kunokubonwa ukuba i-HPMC inempembelelo enkulu kwisakhiwo sepore sodaka lwesamente:
(1) Emva kokongeza i-HPMC, ubungakanani bepore yodaka lwesamente buyanda kakhulu. Kwi-curve yokusabalalisa ubungakanani bepore, indawo yomfanekiso ihamba ngasekunene, kwaye ixabiso lepore elihambelana nexabiso lencopho liba likhulu. Emva kokongeza i-HPMC, i-median pore diameter ye-cement mortar inkulu kakhulu kunesampulu engenanto, kunye ne-median pore diameter yesampuli kunye ne-0.3% ye-dosage yonyuka nge-2 imiyalelo yobukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nesampuli engenanto.
(2) Ukwahlula ii-pores kwikhonkrithi kwiintlobo ezine, ezizii-pores ezingenabungozi (≤20 nm), ii-pores ezinobungozi obungaphantsi (20-100 nm), ii-pores ezinobungozi (100-200 nm) kunye neepores ezininzi ezinobungozi (≥200 nm). Inokubonwa kwiThebhile 1 ukuba inani lemingxuma engenabungozi okanye imingxuma engaphantsi eyingozi iyancipha kakhulu emva kokongeza i-HPMC, kunye nenani lemingxuma eyingozi okanye imingxuma eyingozi ngakumbi. I-pores engenabungozi okanye i-pores enobungozi obungaphantsi kweesampuli ezingaxutywanga ne-HPMC malunga ne-49.4%. Emva kokongeza i-HPMC, i-pores engenabungozi okanye i-pores engenabungozi iyancipha kakhulu. Ukuthatha i-dosage ye-0.1% njengomzekelo, i-pores engenabungozi okanye i-pores engaphantsi eyingozi iyancipha malunga ne-45%. %, inani lemingxunya eyingozi enkulu kune-10um linyuke malunga namaxesha angama-9.
(3) Ububanzi be-pore obuphakathi, i-diameter ye-pore ye-pore, umthamo we-pore ethile kunye nommandla ochanekileyo awulandeli umgaqo ongqongqo kakhulu wokutshintsha kunye nokunyuka kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose umxholo we-HPMC, enokuthi ihambelane nokukhethwa kwesampuli kwi-injection ye-mercury injection. ezinxulumene nokusasazeka okukhulu. Kodwa xa lilonke, i-median pore diameter, i-avareji ye-pore diameter kunye ne-pore volume yesampulu exutywe ne-HPMC idla ngokunyuka xa kuthelekiswa nesampulu engenanto, ngelixa indawo ethile iyancipha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2023