Udaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi lubhekiselele kwimathiriyeli yesamente, iaggregate entle, umxube, amanzi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezigqitywe ngokokusebenza. Ngokomlinganiselo othile, emva kokulinganiswa kunye nokuxutywa kwisikhululo sokuxuba, sithuthelwa kwindawo yokusetyenziswa iloli yomxube. Gcina umxube wodaka kwisitya esikhethekileyo kwaye uyisebenzise ngexesha elichaziweyo. Umgaqo osebenzayo wodaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi lufana nekhonkrithi yezorhwebo, kwaye isikhululo sokuxuba i-concrete yorhwebo sinokuvelisa ngaxeshanye udaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi.
1. Izinto eziluncedo zodaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi
1) Udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi lunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo emva kokuthuthwa kwindawo ngaphandle kokucubungula, kodwa udaka kufuneka lugcinwe kwisitya esingenawo umoya;
2) Udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi lulungiselelwe kwifektri yobungcali, ehambelana nokuqinisekisa nokulawula umgangatho wodaka;
3) Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza zodaka oluxutywe ngamanzi lukhulu. I-aggregate ingaba yomile okanye imanzi, kwaye ayifuni ukuba yomiswe, ngoko iindleko zinokuncitshiswa. Ukongeza, isixa esikhulu sesanti yomatshini eyenziweyo eyenziwe yinkunkuma ye-slag ye-industrial as ash ash kunye ne-industrial ash eqinile njenge-slag yensimbi kunye neentsimbi ze-industrial zingaxutywa, ezingagcini nje kuphela izibonelelo, kodwa zinciphisa iindleko zodaka.
4) Indawo yokwakha inommandla olungileyo kunye nongcoliseko oluncinci.
2. Ukungalungi kodaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi
I-1) Ekubeni udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi luxutywe namanzi kwisityalo sokuvelisa ingcali, kwaye umthamo wokuthutha mkhulu ngexesha elinye, awukwazi ukulawulwa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokwenkqubela yokwakhiwa kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukongeza, udaka oluxutyiweyo olumanzi kufuneka lugcinwe kwisitya esingangeni moya emva kokuba sithuthelwe kwindawo yolwakhiwo, ngoko ke isiziba somlotha kufuneka simiselwe kwisiza;
2) Ixesha lokuthutha lithintelwe yimiqathango yendlela yokuhamba;
3) Ekubeni udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi lugcinwe kwindawo yokwakha ixesha elide, kukho iimfuno ezithile zokusebenza, ukubeka ixesha kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza kodaka.
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-retarder yodaka lwesamente ukwenza udaka olumpompozayo. Isetyenziswe njenge-binder kwi-plastering plaster, iphucula ukusasazeka kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokusebenza. Ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ikhusela i-slurry ekuqhekekeni ngenxa yokoma ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa, kwaye iphakamisa amandla emva kokuqina. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, kwaye ikwayintsebenzo apho abaninzi abavelisi bodaka basekhaya abaxubeneyo banika ingqalelo. Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka odibeneyo omanzi ziquka ubungakanani be-HPMC eyongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-HPMC, ukucocwa kwamaqhekeza, kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa.
Emva kokuba udaka oluxutywe ngamanzi luthuthelwe kwindawo, kufuneka lugcinwe kwisitya esingenamoya esingenamoya. Ukuba ukhetha isitya sentsimbi, umphumo wokugcina ungowona ungcono, kodwa utyalo-mali luphezulu kakhulu, olungenakulungelelaniswa nokuthandwa kunye nesicelo; ungasebenzisa izitena okanye iibhloko ukwakha i-ash pool, kwaye usebenzise udaka olungangeni manzi (izinga lokufunxa amanzi ngaphantsi kwe-5%) ukutyabeka umphezulu, kwaye utyalo-mali lolona luphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukutyatyekwa kodaka olungangeni manzi kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye umgangatho wokwakhiwa komgangatho wokutyatyekwa kwamanzi kufuneka uqinisekiswe. Kungcono ukongeza i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC imathiriyeli eludaka ukunciphisa iintanda zodaka. Umgangatho we-ash pond kufuneka ube ne-slope leveling ethile yokucoca lula. Idama lothuthu kufuneka libe nophahla olunendawo eyaneleyo yokukhusela imvula nelanga. Udaka lugcinwe kwidama lothuthu, kwaye umphezulu wedama lothuthu kufuneka ugqunywe ngokupheleleyo ngelaphu leplastiki ukuqinisekisa ukuba udaka lukwimeko evaliweyo.
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kudaka oluxubeneyo olumanzi ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye yeyokugcina umthamo wamanzi ogqwesileyo, enye yimpembelelo yokungaguquguquki kunye ne-thixotropy yodaka lomxube omanzi, kwaye okwesithathu kukunxibelelana nesamente. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-ether ye-cellulose kuxhomekeke ekufunjweni kwamanzi kwinqanaba lesiseko, ukubunjwa kodaka, ubukhulu bodaka lodaka, imfuno yamanzi yodaka, kunye nexesha lokumisela izinto zokumisela. Ukuphakama kokungafihli kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, kokukhona kungcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-wet-mix mortar ziquka i-cellulose ether viscosity, inani elongezelelweyo, ukucolwa kwamasuntswana kunye nobushushu bokusebenzisa. Ubukhulu be-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi ukusebenza. I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-HPMC. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahluke kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide ziphindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa uthelekisa i-viscosity, kufuneka iqhutywe phakathi kweendlela ezifanayo zokuvavanya, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, ingcono isiphumo sokugcina amanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity kunye nokuphakama kwe-molecular weight ye-HPMC, ukuhla okuhambelanayo kwi-solubility yayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuyabonakala ngakumbi umphumo wokuqina kumdaka, kodwa awuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo. Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, i-viscous ngakumbi i-mortar emanzi iya kuba, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakha, kubonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukunyusa amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi ngokwalo. Ngexesha lokwakha, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali. Ngokuchasene noko, enye i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose elungisiweyo ene-viscosity ephakathi kunye nephantsi inomsebenzi obalaseleyo ekuphuculeni amandla okwakhiwa kodaka olumanzi.
Kudaka oluxutywe manzi, umlinganiselo wokongezwa we-cellulose ether HPMC uphantsi kakhulu, kodwa unokuphucula kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodaka oluxutywe nomanzi, kwaye iyona nto yokongeza echaphazela ukwakhiwa kodaka. Ukukhetha okunengqiqo kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose echanekileyo kunempembelelo enkulu ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kodaka oluxutywe ngamanzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-04-2023