Ziziphi iimfuno zemathiriyeli ekrwada yodaka lwemasonry?

Izinto ezingasetyenziswanga ezisetyenziswa kudaka lwemasonry zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukusebenza, umgangatho, kunye nokuqina kwemveliso egqityiweyo. Iimfuno zemathiriyeli ekrwada yodaka lwemasonry ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka oku kulandelayo:

1. Izixhobo zesamente:
   • Isamente yasePortland: Isamente yasePortland eqhelekileyo (OPC) okanye iisamente ezidityanisiweyo ezifana nesamente yasePortland enothuthu lwempukane okanye i-slag idla ngokusetyenziswa njengeyona arhente ingundoqo ebophelelayo kudaka lwemasonry. Isamente kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo ye-ASTM okanye ye-EN kwaye ibe ne-fineness efanelekileyo, ixesha lokumisela, kunye neempawu zamandla acinezelayo.
   • Ikalika: Ikalika egayiweyo okanye i-lime putty inokongezwa kwimixube yodaka lwemasonry ukuphucula ukusebenza, iplastiki kunye nokuqina. Ikalika iphucula iqhina phakathi kodaka kunye neeyunithi zemasonry kwaye inceda ukunciphisa iziphumo zokushwabana nokuqhekeka.
2. Amanqaku:
   • Isanti: Isanti ecocekileyo, ebekwe kakuhle, kunye nobukhulu obufanelekileyo ibalulekile ekufezekiseni amandla afunekayo, ukusebenza, kunye nenkangeleko yodaka lwemasonry. Isanti kufuneka ingabi nabumdaka, udongwe, intlenga, kunye nezohlwayo ezigqithisileyo. Intlanganiso yentlabathi yendalo okanye eyenziweyo ye-ASTM okanye ye-EN iqhele ukusetyenziswa.
   • I-Aggregate gradation: Ubungakanani bemilinganiselo yokusabalalisa i-aggregates kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukupakishwa kwamasuntswana okwaneleyo kunye nokunciphisa i-voids kwi-matrix yodaka. Iaggregates ezibekwe ngokufanelekileyo zinegalelo ekuphuculweni kokusebenza, ukomelela, kunye nokuqina kodaka lwemasonry.
3. Amanzi:
   • Amanzi acocekileyo, aselwayo angenazo izingcolisi, iityuwa, kunye nealkalinity egqithisileyo iyafuneka ekuxubeni udaka lwemasonry. Umlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwisamente kufuneka ulawulwe ngononophelo ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufunwayo, ukusebenza, kunye namandla odaka. Isiqulatho samanzi esigqithisileyo sinokukhokelela ekunciphiseni amandla, ukunyuka kokunciphisa, kunye nokuqina okungahambi kakuhle.
4. Izongezo kunye neMixube:
   • IiPlastiki: Imixube yeekhemikhali ezifana neeplastiki ezicutha amanzi zinokongezwa kwimixube yodaka lwemasonry ukuphucula ukusebenza, ukunciphisa imfuno yamanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukuhamba kunye nokuhambelana kodaka.
   • Iiarhente zokungenisa umoya: Imixube yokungenisa umoya isoloko isetyenziswa kudaka lwemasonry ukuphucula ukumelana nokunyibilika komkhenkce, ukusebenza, kunye nokuqina ngokufaka amaqamza omoya amancinci kwimatrix yodaka.
   • Iretader kunye ne-accelerators: Ukubuyiswa okanye ukukhawulezisa i-admixtures inokudityaniswa kwi-masonry mortar formulations ukulawula ixesha lokumisela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokushisa kunye nokufuma.
5. Ezinye izinto:
   • Izinto ze-Pozzolanic: Izinto ezongezelelweyo ze-cementitious ezifana ne-fly ash, i-slag, okanye i-silica fume inokongezwa kwi-masonry mortar ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kwe-sulfate kunye ne-alkali-silica reaction (ASR).
   • Iifayibha: Iintsinga zokwenziwa okanye zendalo zinokuqukwa kwimixube yodaka lwemasonry ukomeleza ukuxhathisa kokuqhekeka, ukuchasa impembelelo, kunye namandla okuqina.

izinto ezisetyenziswayo ezisetyenziswa kwimasonry mortar kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile yomgangatho, iinkcukacha, kunye neendlela zokusebenza zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuqina, kunye nokuhambelana kunye neeyunithi zobumba kunye nezenzo zokwakha. Ukulawulwa komgangatho kunye nokuvavanywa kwezinto eziluhlaza kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuthembeka kwimveliso yodaka lwe-masonry.