IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yipolymer eguquguqukayo enoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo kubandakanya amayeza, ukutya, ukwakhiwa kunye nezithambiso. Eyona mathiriyeli ekrwada esetyenziselwa ukwenza i-HPMC yiselulosi kunye nepropylene oxide.
1. ISelulosi: isiseko se-HPMC
1.1 Isishwankathelo seselulosi
I-Cellulose yi-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi eyona nxalenye yesakhiwo seendonga zeeseli zezityalo eziluhlaza. Iqulathe imixokelelwane yomgca yeemolekyuli zeglucose ezidityaniswe kunye nge-β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Ubuninzi bamaqela e-hydroxyl kwi-cellulose yenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokuqalisa i-synthesis ye-cellulose derivatives eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ne-HPMC.
1.2 Ukuthengwa kwe-cellulose
I-Cellulose inokufunyanwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zezityalo, ezifana ne-pulp yokhuni, iilitha zekotoni, okanye ezinye izityalo ze-fibrous. I-Wood pulp ngumthombo oqhelekileyo ngenxa yobuninzi bayo, indleko-esebenzayo, kunye nokuzinza. Ukutsalwa kweselulosi ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukwaphula imicu yezityalo ngothotho lweenkqubo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali.
1.3 Ubunyulu neempawu
Umgangatho kunye nokucoceka kweselulosi kubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni iimpawu zemveliso yokugqibela ye-HPMC. I-cellulose ecocekileyo iqinisekisa ukuba i-HPMC iveliswa kunye neepropati ezihambelanayo ezifana ne-viscosity, i-solubility kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal.
2. Ipropylene oxide: ukuqaliswa kweqela le-hydroxypropyl
2.1 Intshayelelo yepropylene oxide
Ipropylene oxide (PO) i-organic compound kunye ne-chemical formula C3H6O. Yi-epoxide, oku kuthetha ukuba iqulethe i-athomu ye-oxygen edityaniswe kwii-athom zekhabhoni ezimbini ezikufutshane. Ipropylene oxide yimathiriyeli ekrwada engundoqo yokwenziwa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose, ephakathi kwimveliso ye-HPMC.
2.2 Inkqubo yeHydroxypropylation
Inkqubo ye-hydroxypropylation ibandakanya ukusabela kweselulosi ngepropylene oxide ukwazisa amaqela e-hydroxypropyl kwi-cellulose backbone. Le mpendulo idla ngokuqhutywa phambi kwe-catalyst esisiseko. Amaqela e-Hydroxypropyl anika ukunyibilika okuphuculweyo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo kwiselulosi, ekhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose.
3. I-Methylation: Ukongeza amaqela e-methyl
3.1 Inkqubo ye-methylation
Emva kwe-hydroxypropylation, inyathelo elilandelayo kwi-HPMC synthesis yi-methylation. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-methyl kwi-cellulose backbone. I-Methyl chloride yinto esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kule mpendulo. Iqondo le-methylation lichaphazela iipropati zemveliso yokugqibela ye-HPMC, kuquka i-viscosity yayo kunye nokuziphatha kwejeli.
3.2 Iqondo lokutshintshwa
Iqondo lokuthatha indawo (DS) yiparameter engundoqo yokulinganisa inani eliphakathi lee-avareji (methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl) ngeyunithi ye-anhydroglucose kwikhonkco leselulosi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ilawulwa ngononophelo ukufezekisa ukusebenza okufunwayo kweemveliso ze-HPMC.
4. Ukucocwa kunye noLawulo loMgangatho
4.1 Ukususwa kwemveliso
Ukudityaniswa kwe-HPMC kunokubangela ukusekwa kweemveliso ezingeyomfuneko ezifana neetyuwa okanye ii-reagents ezingaphendulwanga. Amanyathelo okucoca aquka ukuhlamba kunye nokucoca kusetyenziselwa ukususa obu kungcola kunye nokunyusa ukucoceka kwemveliso yokugqibela.
4.2 Amanyathelo olawulo lomgangatho
Amanyathelo angqongqo olawulo lomgangatho aphunyezwa kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki kunye nomgangatho we-HPMC. Iindlela zokuhlalutya ezifana ne-spectroscopy, i-chromatography kunye ne-rheology zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iiparitha ezifana nobunzima be-molecular, i-degree of substitution kunye ne-viscosity.
5. Iimpawu zeHydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
5.1 Iimpawu ezibonakalayo
I-HPMC imhlophe ukuya kumhlophe, umgubo ongenavumba kunye neempawu ezibalaseleyo zokwenza ifilimu. I-hygroscopic kwaye yenza ngokulula ijeli ecacileyo xa ihlakazekile emanzini. Ukunyibilika kwe-HPMC kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokutshintshwa kwaye kuchatshazelwa yimiba efana nobushushu kunye ne-pH.
5.2 Ubume bekhemikhali
Ubume bekhemikhali be-HPMC bubandakanya umqolo weselulosi kunye ne-hydroxypropyl kunye ne-methyl substituent. Umlinganiselo wala malungu abambeleyo, obonakaliswe kwiqondo lokutshintshwa, umisela ubume bekhemikhali ngokubanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela iimpawu ze-HPMC.
5.3 Iimpawu ze-Viscosity kunye ne-rheological
I-HPMC ifumaneka kumabakala ahlukeneyo kunye noluhlu lwe-viscosity eyahlukeneyo. I-viscosity yezisombululo ze-HPMC yinto ephambili kwizicelo ezifana namayeza, apho ichaphazela iprofayili yokukhululwa kweyeza, kunye nolwakhiwo, apho ichaphazela ukusebenza kodaka kunye neepastes.
5.4 Iipropati zokwenziwa kwefilimu kunye nokutyebisa
I-HPMC isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengefilimu yangaphambili kwiingubo zoxubo kunye ne-arhente etyebisayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemixube. Ubuchule bayo bokwenza ifilimu buyenza ixabiseke kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zokugquma kweziyobisi ezilawulwayo, ngelixa iimpawu zayo zokujiya ziphucula ukumila kunye nokuzinza kweemveliso ezininzi.
6. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
6.1 Ishishini lezamayeza
Kumashishini axuba amayeza, i-HPMC isetyenziselwa ukwenza iifom zedosi yomlomo eqinileyo efana neetafile kunye neecapsules. Isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-binder, i-disintegrant kunye ne-agent yokugqoka ifilimu. Iipropati ezilawulwayo zokukhutshwa kwe-HPMC ziququzelela usetyenziso lwayo kwimixube yokukhutshwa okuzinzileyo.
6.2 Ishishini lokwakha
Kwicandelo lokwakha, i-HPMC isetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-thickener kunye ne-adhesive kwiimveliso ezenziwe ngesamente. Iphucula ukusebenza kodaka, ithintela ukudodobala kwizicelo ezithe nkqo, kwaye iphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwemathiriyeli yokwakha.
6.3 Ishishini lokutya
I-HPMC isetyenziswa kushishino lokutya njenge-thickener, stabilizer kunye ne-emulsifier. Ukukwazi ukwenza iigels kwiindawo eziphantsi kwenza ukuba zilungele izicelo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-sauces, i-dressings kunye ne-dessert.
6.4 Izinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu
Kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu, i-HPMC ifumaneka kuluhlu lwemixube equka iikhrimu, izinto zokuthambisa kunye neeshampu. Inceda ukuphucula ukuthungwa, ukuzinza kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kwezi mveliso.
6.5 Amanye amashishini
Ukuguquguquka kwe-HPMC kunabela kwamanye amashishini, kubandakanywa amalaphu, iipeyinti kunye ne-adhesives, apho ingasetyenziswa njenge-rheology modifier, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-thickener.
7. Isiphelo
IHydroxypropylmethylcellulose yipolymer eguquguqukayo enezicelo ezininzi. I-synthesis yayo isebenzisa i-cellulose kunye ne-propylene oxide njengezona zinto ziphambili, kwaye i-cellulose iguqulwa nge-hydroxypropylation kunye neenkqubo ze-methylation. Ulawulo olulawulwayo kwezi zixhobo kunye neemeko zokusabela kunokuvelisa i-HPMC eneempawu ezilungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zoshishino. Ke ngoko, i-HPMC idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso kuwo wonke amashishini. Ukuphononongwa okuqhubekayo kwezicelo ezitsha kunye nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokuvelisa kunceda i-HPMC iqhubeke idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimarike yehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-28-2023