Yintoni inkqubo yokucolwa kwe-cellulose ether?

Inkqubo ye-pulping ye-cellulose ethers ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi okukhupha i-cellulose kwimathiriyeli ekrwada kwaye emva koko iguqulwe ibe yi-cellulose ethers. I-cellulose ethers zikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo kunye nezicelo kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amayeza, ukutya, iingubo kunye nokwakhiwa. Inkqubo ye-pulping ibalulekile ekufumaneni i-cellulose ekumgangatho ophezulu, imathiriyeli ekrwada yokuvelisa i-cellulose ethers. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha yenkqubo ye-cellulose ether pulping:

1. Ukukhetha imathiriyeli ekrwada:

Inkqubo ye-pulping iqala ngokukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezineselulosi. Imithombo eqhelekileyo iquka iinkuni, umqhaphu, kunye nezinye iintsinga zezityalo. Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokufumaneka kwe-cellulose ether, ixabiso kunye neempawu ezifunwayo.

2. Indlela yokwenza impuphu:

Zininzi iindlela ze-cellulose pulping, ingakumbi ezibandakanya i-chemical pulping kunye ne-mechanical pulping.

3. Ukutsalwa kwemichiza:

I-Kraft pulping: Ibandakanya ukunyanga iitshiphu zomthi ngomxube wesodium hydroxide kunye nesodium sulfide. Le nkqubo inyibilika i-lignin, ishiya ngasemva i-cellulosic fibers.

I-Sulfite pulping: Ukusebenzisa i-asidi yesulphurous okanye i-bisulfite ukuqhekeza i-lignin kwi-feedstock.

I-Organic solvent pulping: Ukusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol okanye i-methanol ukunyibilikisa i-lignin kunye nokwahlula iifiber ze-cellulose.

4. Ukutsalwa koomatshini:

I-stone-ground wood pulping: Kubandakanya ukucola umthi phakathi kwamatye ukwahlula iintsinga ngoomatshini.

I-Refiner Mechanical Pulping: Isebenzisa amandla omatshini ukwahlula iintsinga ngokucokisa iitshiphu zomthi.

5. Ukucoca:

Emva kwe-pulping, i-cellulose ingena kwinkqubo yokucoca ukususa ukungcola kunye nombala. I-Chlorine, i-chlorine dioxide, i-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-oksijini ingasetyenziswa ngexesha lenqanaba le-bleaching.

5.. Ukuguqulwa kweSelulosi:

Emva kokucoca, i-cellulose iguqulwa ukuze ivelise i-cellulose ethers. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya i-etherification, i-esterification kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokutshintsha izinto eziphathekayo kunye neekhemikhali zeselulosi.

6. Inkqubo ye-Etherification:

I-alkalization: Ukunyanga i-cellulose nge-alkali (ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium hydroxide) ukuvelisa i-alkali cellulose.

Ukongeza i-etherifying agents: I-alkaline cellulose iphendula kunye ne-etherifying agents (ezifana ne-alkyl halides okanye i-alkylene oxides) ukwazisa amaqela e-ether kwisakhiwo se-cellulose.

I-Neutralization: Yenza umxube wokusabela ukuphelisa ukusabela kwaye ufumane imveliso efunekayo ye-cellulose ether.

7. Ukuhlamba kunye nokomisa:

Imveliso ye-cellulose ether ihlanjwa ukuze isuse imveliso kunye nokungcola. Emva kokucoca, izinto eziphathekayo zomisiwe ukufezekisa umxholo ofunekayo womswakama.

8. Ukusila kunye nokuhlola:

I-ethers ye-cellulose eyomileyo inokucolwa ukuze ifumane ubungakanani bamasuntswana athile. I-Sieving isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amaqhekeza obungakanani obufunekayo.

8. Ulawulo lomgangatho:

Amanyathelo olawulo lomgangatho aphunyezwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-cellulose ethers ihlangabezana nemigangatho ethile. Oku kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kwe-viscosity, i-degree of substitution, umxholo wokufuma kunye nezinye iiparamitha ezifanelekileyo.

9. Ukupakishwa kunye nokuhanjiswa:

Imveliso yokugqibela ye-cellulose ether ipakishwa kwaye isasazwe kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wemveliso ugcinwa ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokuthutha.

Inkqubo ye-pulping ye-cellulose ether luluhlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwamanyathelo abandakanya ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, indlela ye-pulping, i-bleaching, ukuguqulwa kwe-cellulose, i-etherification, ukuhlamba, ukomisa, ukugaya kunye nokulawula umgangatho. Isinyathelo ngasinye sibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni umgangatho kunye neempawu ze-cellulose ether eziveliswayo, okwenza ukuba zilungele uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Inkqubela phambili yezobuchwephesha iyaqhubeka nokuphucula kunye nokwandisa ezi nkqubo ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kwemveliso ye-cellulose ether.