I-Cellulose yikhompawundi yezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kakhulu kwindalo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kunye ne-ecosystems. Iimpawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto kuye kwakhokelela kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kuwo wonke amashishini, okwenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ze-biopolymers.
1.Imithombo yeCellulose:
I-Cellulose ngokuyinhloko ivela kwiindonga zeeseli zesityalo, isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo ngendlela ye-microfibrils. Ifumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezicubu zezityalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya umthi, umqhaphu, i-hemp, iflakisi, ijute, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Le mithombo ihluke kumxholo we-cellulose kunye nombutho wesakhiwo, ukuchaphazela ukufaneleka kwabo kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukhuni: Imithi yenye yezona mithombo zininzi zeselulosi, enemithi efana nepine, i-oki, kunye nespruce equlethe izixa ezibalulekileyo zale biopolymer. Isebenza njengenxalenye yesakhiwo esisisiseko kwiindonga zeeseli zezicubu ezinomthi, zinika amandla kunye nokuqina kwisityalo.
Umqhaphu: Imisonto yomqhaphu yenziwe phantse yonke ngeselulosi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimathiriyeli ekrwada exabisekileyo ekuvelisweni kwelaphu. Imisonto emide, enentsinga yeselulosi inegalelo ekomelezeni, ekutsaleni nasekuphefumleni amalaphu womqhaphu, nto leyo ewenza afaneleke kwimpahla nempahla yasendlini.
I-Hemp kunye neFlakisi: I-Hemp kunye ne-flax fibers zikwayimithombo etyebileyo ye-cellulose kwaye ibisetyenziswa ngokwembali ukuveliswa kwempahla. Ezi ntsinga zendalo zibonelela ngokuzinzileyo, iipropathi zokumisa ukufuma, kunye nozinzo lokusingqongileyo, nto leyo ezenza zidume ngakumbi kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo ezilungele indalo.
Ezinye Izixhobo Zezityalo: Ngaphandle kwale mithombo ikhankanywe ngasentla, iselulosi inokukhutshwa kwezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zezityalo ezifana noqalo, ingxowa yommoba, isitovu sombona, kunye neentsalela zezolimo. Le mithombo yolunye igalelo kwimveliso ezinzileyo yeemveliso ezisekwe kwi-cellulose ngelixa inciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-cellulose yemveli eyenziwe ngamaplanga.
2. Iipropathi zeSelulosi:
I-Cellulose ibonisa iipropathi ezininzi ezizodwa ezinegalelo kusetyenziso lwayo olubanzi:
I-Biodegradability: I-Cellulose i-biodegradable, oku kuthetha ukuba inokwahlulwa yi-microorganisms kwiikhompawundi ezilula ezifana ne-carbon dioxide kunye namanzi. Le propati yenza imathiriyeli esekwe kwi-cellulose ikhuseleke kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi kwizicelo apho ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma kunye nokulawulwa kwenkunkuma kuyinkxalabo.
I-Hydrophilicity: I-Cellulose inobudlelwane obuphezulu be-molecule zamanzi ngenxa yobukho bamaqela e-hydroxyl kwisakhiwo sayo se-molecular. Le ndalo ye-hydrophilic yenza ukuba izinto ezisekwe kwi-cellulose zifunxe kwaye zigcine amanzi, zizenze zilungele usetyenziso olunjengokwenza iphepha, ukunxitywa kwamanxeba, kunye neemveliso zococeko.
Amandla oomatshini: Iintsinga zeCellulose zinamandla abalaseleyo omatshini, zibonelela ngokuzinzileyo kunye nokomelela kwizinto ezenziwe ngazo. Le propathi ibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna imfezeko yesakhiwo, njengakwimpahla yamalaphu, imidibaniso, kunye neemveliso zephepha.
Ivuseleleka kwaye iZinzile: Njenge-biopolymer yendalo ephuma kwimithombo yezityalo, i-cellulose ihlaziywa kwaye izinzileyo. Imveliso yawo ayixhomekekanga kwimithombo yamafutha yefosili enomda kwaye inokuba negalelo ekuthathweni kwekhabhoni xa ifunyenwe kumahlathi alawulwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezenzo zezolimo.
3.Usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo lweCellulose:
I-Cellulose ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kuwo onke amashishini ahlukeneyo, ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka:
Iphepha kunye nokupakishwa: Mhlawumbi isicelo esaziwayo kakhulu seselulosi kukuveliswa kwephepha kunye nekhadibhodi. Imicu yeCellulose yeyona nto iphambili esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iphepha, ibonelela ngesakhelo sesakhiwo kunye neempawu zomhlaba eziyimfuneko ekubhaleni, ekushicileleni nasekupakisheni izicelo. Ukongeza, izinto zokupakisha ezisekwe kwiselulosi zibonelela ngeendlela ezilungele i-eco-friendly ukupakishwa kweplastiki yemveli, igalelo kwiinzame zozinzo.
Imisonto kunye neSinxibo: Iintsinga zeCellulose ezivela kumqhaphu, ihempe, iflakisi, kunye neminye imithombo yezityalo ziphothwa zibe yimisonto kwaye zilukwe okanye zithungwe zibe ngamalaphu empahla, amalaphu asekhaya, kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso. Umqhaphu, ngokukodwa, yifayibha esekwe kwiselulosi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lelaphu ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo, ukuphefumla, kunye nokuguquguquka. Izinto ezintsha kwiindlela zokulungisa ziye zakhokelela ekuphuhliseni i-cellulose-based fibers efana ne-lyocell kunye ne-modal, enika iipropati eziphuculweyo kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo.
Izinto ze-Biomedical: Izinto ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose zinezicelo kwintsimi ye-biomedical, kubandakanywa ukugqoka amanxeba, i-scaffolds yobunjineli be-tissue, iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango. I-biocompatibility kunye ne-biodegradability ye-cellulose yenza ukuba ifanelekele usetyenziso olunjalo, apho ukusebenzisana neenkqubo zebhayoloji kubalulekile ekusebenzeni nokhuseleko.
Imizi-mveliso yokutya kunye neMichiza: I-cellulose derivatives efana ne-cellulose ethers (umzekelo, i-methylcellulose, i-carboxymethylcellulose) kunye ne-cellulose esters (umzekelo, i-cellulose acetate, i-nitrate ye-cellulose) ifumana ukusetyenziswa njenge-thickeners, i-stabilizers, i-emulsifiers, kunye ne-ejenti yokwenza ifilimu ekutyeni kunye ne-formula-forming agents. Ezi zongezo zisekwe kwi-cellulose ziphucula ukuthungwa, ukuzinza kweshelufu, kunye nencasa yeemveliso zokutya ngelixa iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kwechiza kunye nokufana kwedosi kwimixube yamayeza.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nee-Biofuels: I-biomass etyebileyo ye-cellulose isebenza njengesondlo sokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye ne-biofuels ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-biomass gasification, fermentation, kunye ne-enzymatic hydrolysis. I-ethanol ye-cellulose, ephuma kwi-cellulose degradation, inika enye indlela ezinzileyo kumafutha e-fossil kwaye igalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse.
Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo: Imicu yeCellulose idityaniswe kwizinto ezidityanisiweyo zokuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini njengamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nefuthe. Ezi composites ezisekwe kwi-cellulose zifumana ukusetyenziswa kumacandelo eemoto, izinto zokwakha, ifenitshala, kunye neempahla zemidlalo, ezinikezela ngeendlela ezilula kunye ne-eco-friendly kwizinto eziqhelekileyo.
I-Cellulose, njenge-biopolymer yendalo eninzi kwiindonga zeeseli zesityalo, ineepropathi ezizodwa kunye nokusetyenziswa okuhlukeneyo kumashishini kuwo wonke. Ukusuka kwi-papermaking kunye ne-textiles ukuya kwizinto ze-biomedical kunye namandla avuselelekayo, i-cellulose inegalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nolutsha kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ekusetyenzweni kweselulosi kunye nokusetyenziswa kubambe isithembiso sokwandisa izicelo kunye nokujongana nemingeni yehlabathi enxulumene nokugcinwa kwemithombo kunye nokuzinza kwendalo. Njengoko uluntu luqhubeka nokubeka phambili ukuzinza kunye ne-eco-consciousness, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-cellulose zilungele ukudlala indima ekhulayo ekubunjweni kwekamva eliluhlaza nelizinzileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-06-2024