Yeyiphi indawo yomqhaphu evelisa iselulose emsulwa?

Intshayelelo yeCotton kunye neCellulose

Umqhaphu, ifayibha yendalo ephuma kwisityalo somqhaphu, ikakhulu yenziwe ngeselulosi. I-Cellulose, i-carbohydrate eyinkimbinkimbi, iyona nto iphambili kwiindonga zeeseli kwizityalo, ezibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo. Ukukhupha i-cellulose ecocekileyo kumqhaphu kubandakanya ukwahlula iintsinga ze-cellulose kwezinye iinxalenye zesityalo somqhaphu, njenge-lignin, i-hemicellulose, kunye ne-pectin.

I-Anatomy yezityalo zomqhaphu

Ukuqonda ukwakheka kwesityalo somqhaphu kubalulekile ekutsalweni kweselulosi. Iintsinga zomqhaphu ziimbewu ze-trichomes, eziphuma kwiiseli ze-epidermal ze-cottonseed. Le micu ubukhulu becala iqulethe i-cellulose, enemilinganiselo emincinane yeeproteni, iwax neswekile. Imisonto yomqhaphu ikhula kwiibholi, ezizii-capsules ezikhuselayo ezigquma imbewu.

Inkqubo yokutsalwa kweCellulose

Ukuvuna: Inkqubo iqala ngokuvuna iibholi zomqhaphu ezisele zikhulile kwizityalo zomqhaphu. Ukuvuna ngoomatshini yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo, apho oomatshini besusa iibholi kwizityalo.

I-Ginning: Emva kokuvuna, umqhaphu uphuma kwi-ginning, apho imbewu ihlulwe kwimicu. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukudlulisa umqhaphu kumatshini wegin osusa imbewu kwimicu.

Ukucoca: Xa sele yohluliwe kwimbewu, imisonto yomqhaphu iyacocwa ukuze isuse ubumdaka obufana nobumdaka, amagqabi kunye nezinye izinto zezityalo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuba i-cellulose ekhutshiweyo icocekile kakhulu.

Ikhadi: Ikhadi yinkqubo yomatshini elungelelanisa imicu yekotoni kwiwebhu encinci. Isusa nakuphi na ukungcola okuseleyo kwaye ilungelelanise imicu ukulungiselela ukuqhubela phambili.

I-Degumming: Iintsinga zomqhaphu ziqulethe ukungcola kwendalo okufana ne-wax, i-pectin, kunye ne-hemicelluloses, ngokudibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba yi "gum." I-Degumming ibandakanya ukunyanga imisonto yomqhaphu kunye nezisombululo zealkaline okanye i-enzymes ukususa obu kungcola.

Ukucoca: Ukucheba linyathelo elikhethiweyo kodwa lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukucoca ngakumbi imicu yeselulosi kunye nokuphucula ubumhlophe bazo. Iintlobo ngeentlobo ze-agent zokuthambisa ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-chlorine derivatives zingasetyenziswa kule nkqubo.

I-Mercerization: I-Mercerization ibandakanya ukunyanga i-cellulose fibers kunye nesisombululo se-alkali se-caustic, ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium hydroxide. Le nkqubo yongeza amandla eentsinga, ukubengezela, kunye nokudibana kwedayi, nto leyo ezenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

I-Acid Hydrolysis: Kwezinye iimeko, ngokukodwa kwiinjongo zemizi-mveliso, i-asidi ye-hydrolysis ingasetyenziselwa ukuphinda iphule i-cellulose ibe ngamasuntswana amancinci, afanayo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukunyanga i-cellulose nge-asidi edibeneyo phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo ukuze i-hydrolyze iibhondi ze-glycosidic, ivelise amatyathanga e-cellulose amafutshane okanye i-cellulose nanocrystals.

Ukuhlamba kunye nokomisa: Kulandela unyango lwemichiza, iifiber zeselulosi zihlanjwa kakuhle ukuze kususwe naziphi na iikhemikhali ezishiyekileyo okanye ubumdaka. Emva koko, iintsinga zomiswa kumxholo wokufuma ofunekayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kweCellulose ePure

Iselulosi esulungekileyo efunyenwe kumqhaphu ifumana izicelo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo:

Ilaphu: Iintsinga zeCellulose zijijwa zibe yimisonto kwaye zilukwe zibe ngamalaphu empahla, amalaphu asekhaya, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso.

Iphepha kunye nebhodi yePhepha: I-Cellulose yinxalenye ephambili yephepha, i-paperboard, kunye neemveliso zekhadibhodi.

I-Biofuels: I-Cellulose inokuguqulwa ibe yi-biofuel efana ne-ethanol ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana ne-enzymatic hydrolysis kunye nokuvundiswa.

Amashishini oKutya kunye naMachiza: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zisetyenziswa njengezinto ezityebisayo, izizinzisi, kunye nezixumi ekutyeni nakwimveliso yamayeza.

Izithambiso: Izinto eziphuma kwi-cellulose zisetyenziswa kwizinto zokuthambisa kunye neemveliso zokhathalelo lomntu ukuze zityebe kwaye zizinzise iimpawu.

Ukukhupha i-cellulose ecocekileyo kwikotoni kubandakanya uluhlu lweenkqubo zoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali ezijolise ekwahluleni iifiber ze-cellulose ezivela kwezinye iinxalenye zesityalo sekotoni kunye nokuzihlambulula. Ukuqonda i-anatomy yesityalo somqhaphu kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo ezinje ngeginning, degumming, bleaching, kunye nemercerization kubalulekile ekufumaneni i-cellulose ekumgangatho ophezulu. Iselulosi esulungekileyo efunyenwe kumqhaphu inosetyenziso olwahlukeneyo kuwo wonke amashishini, ukusuka kwilaphu kunye nokwenza iphepha ukuya kwi-biofuels kunye namayeza, oko kuyenza ibe sisixhobo sendalo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi nesixabisekileyo.