1. Intshayelelo
I-China ibisoloko ikhuthaza udaka olusele luxutyiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.Ingakumbi kule minyaka yakutsha nje, amasebe karhulumente kazwelonke achaphazelekayo aye ancamathela ukubaluleka kophuhliso lodaka olusele luxutywe kwaye akhupha imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthazayo.Okwangoku, kukho amaphondo noomasipala abangaphezulu kwe-10 kweli lizwe abathe basebenzisa udaka olusele luxutyiwe.Ngaphezu kwama-60%, kukho ngaphezu kwama-800 amashishini odaka asele exutyiwe ngaphezu komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, anomthamo woyilo wonyaka weetoni ezizigidi ezingama-274.Ngo-2021, imveliso yonyaka yodaka oluqhelekileyo oluxutyiweyo lwaluyi-62.02 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakha, udaka luhlala lulahlekelwa ngamanzi amaninzi kwaye alukho ixesha elaneleyo kunye namanzi okuhlamba, okubangela ukungonelanga kwamandla kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-samente paste emva kokuqina.I-Cellulose ether ngumxube oqhelekileyo wepolymer kudaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo.Inemisebenzi yokugcina amanzi, ukuqina, ukuncipha kunye nokunyanzeliswa komoya, kwaye inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka.
Ukuze wenze umdaka uhlangabezane neemfuno zokuthutha kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zokuqhaqha kunye namandla aphantsi okudibanisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukongeza i-cellulose ether kumdaka.Eli nqaku lizisa ngokufutshane iimpawu ze-cellulose ether kunye nefuthe layo ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezisekelwe kwi-samente, ngethemba lokunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki zobuchwepheshe ezinxulumene nodaka oluxutywe ngokulungeleyo.
2 Intshayelelo ye-cellulose ether
I-Cellulose Ether (i-Cellulose Ether) yenziwe kwi-cellulose ngokusebenzisa i-etherification reaction ye-etherification enye okanye ngaphezulu kunye nokugaya okomileyo.
2.1 Ukuhlelwa kwee-ether ze-cellulose
Ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali ze-ether substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe yi-anionic, i-cationic kunye ne-nonionic ethers.Ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulu ibandakanya carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC);i-non-ionic cellulose ethers ikakhulu ibandakanya i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl fiber Ether (HC) njalo njalo.Ii-ethers ezingenayo i-ionic zahlulwe zibe zii-ethers ezinyibilikayo emanzini kunye ne-oyile-ethers enyibilikayo.Ii-ethers ezingenayo i-ionic zamanzi ezinyibilikayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimveliso zodaka.Xa kukho i-calcium ions, i-ionic cellulose ethers ayizinzile, ngoko ke ayifane isetyenziswe kwiimveliso zodaka ezomileyo ezisebenzisa i-samente, i-lime ye-slaked, njl. njengezinto zokumisa.Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezingenayo i-ionic zamanzi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lezinto zokwakha ngenxa yokuzinza kwazo kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngokwee-agent ezahlukeneyo ze-etherification ezikhethiweyo kwinkqubo ye-etherification, iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ziquka i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-cellulose ye-Ethyl, i-cellulose ye-benzyl, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose phenyl cellulose.
I-cellulose ethers esetyenziselwa udaka ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-methyl cellulose ether (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether (HEMC) kunye ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose ether (HEMC) Phakathi kwazo, i-HPMC kunye ne-HEMC zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
2.2 Iimpawu zeekhemikhali ze-cellulose ether
I-ether ye-cellulose nganye inesakhiwo esisisiseko se-cellulose-anhydroglucose structure.Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether, i-fiber cellulose iqala ukufudumeza kwisisombululo se-alkali kwaye iphathwe nge-etherifying agent.Imveliso ye-fibrous reaction ihlanjululwa kwaye iphantsi ukwenza umgubo ofanayo kunye nokucolwa okuthile.
Kwimveliso ye-MC, kuphela i-methyl chloride isetyenziswa njenge-etherifying agent;ukongeza kwi-methyl chloride, ipropylene oxide iphinda isetyenziswe ekufumaneni i-hydroxypropyl substituents kwimveliso ye-HPMC.Ii-ethers ze-cellulose ezahlukeneyo zinemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo ye-methyl kunye ne-hydroxypropyl, echaphazela ukuhambelana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nobushushu bejeli ye-thermal yesisombululo se-cellulose ether.
2.3 Iimpawu zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether
Iimpawu zokuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether zinempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kodaka lwesamente.I-ether ye-cellulose ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukubambisana kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-cement mortar, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwi-ether cellulose ngokupheleleyo kwaye inyibilikiswe ngokupheleleyo emanzini.Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuchithwa kwe-cellulose ether lixesha lokuchithwa, isantya esishukumisayo kunye ne-powder fineness.
2.4 Indima yokuzika kudaka lwesamente
Njengesongezo esibalulekileyo se-cement slurry, i-Destroy inempembelelo yayo kule miba ilandelayo.
(1) Ukuphucula ukusebenza kodaka kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity yodaka.
Ukubandakanya ijethi yomlilo kunokuthintela udaka ekwahluleni kwaye ufumane iyunifomu kunye nomzimba weplastiki ofanayo.Ngokomzekelo, iidokodo ezibandakanya i-HEMC, i-HPMC, njl., zilungele udaka oluncinci kunye nodaka., Izinga le-Shear, ubushushu, ukugxila kokuwa kunye noxinzelelo lwetyuwa olunyibilikileyo.
(2) Inempembelelo yokungenisa umoya.
Ngenxa yokungcola, ukungeniswa kwamaqela kwiinqununu kunciphisa amandla angaphezulu kweengqungquthela, kwaye kulula ukuzisa i-stable, i-uniform kunye ne-fine particles kwi-mortar exutywe kunye nomhlaba ophazamisayo kwinkqubo."Ukusebenza kakuhle kwebhola" kuphucula ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka, kunciphisa umswakama womdaka kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal yodaka.Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba xa inani lokudibanisa i-HEMC kunye ne-HPMC yi-0.5%, umxholo wegesi wodaka ngowona mkhulu, malunga ne-55%;xa inani lokudibanisa likhulu kune-0.5%, umxholo womdaka ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe ube ngumxholo wegesi njengoko inani linyuka.
(3) Yigcine ingatshintshi.
Umthwebeba unokunyibilika, uthambise kwaye ushukume kudaka, kwaye wenze lula ukugudisa umaleko obhityileyo wodaka kunye nomgubo wokutyabeka.Akuyomfuneko ukuba imanziswe kwangaphambili.Emva kokwakhiwa, imathiriyeli yesamente inokuba nexesha elide lokunyibilikisa ngokuqhubekayo ngaselunxwemeni ukuphucula ukuncamathela phakathi kodaka kunye nesubstrate.
Iziphumo zokuguqulwa kwe-cellulose ether kwizinto ezintsha ezisekwe kwisamente ikakhulu ziquka ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukungena emoyeni kunye nokunciphisa.Ngokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-cellulose ethers kwizinto ezisekwe kwisamente, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-cellulose ethers kunye ne-cement slurry ngokuthe ngcembe kuba yindawo yophando.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-16-2021