Ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) kwi-fracturing fluid

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) yi-derivative ye-cellulose e-soluble esetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-oyile kunye ne-gas industry, ngakumbi kwi-fracturing fluid formulations.I-Hydraulic fracturing, eyaziwa njenge-fracking, yindlela yokuvuselela esetyenziselwa ukunyusa ukutsalwa kwe-oyile kunye negesi yendalo kwimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba.I-PACs idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuyilweni nasekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing, igalelo ekusebenzeni, uzinzo kunye nempumelelo iyonke yenkqubo.

1. Intshayelelo kwi-polyanionic cellulose (PAC):

I-Polyanionic cellulose ivela kwi-cellulose, i-polymer yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo.Ukuveliswa kwePAC kubandakanya ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali ze-cellulose, okukhokelela kwi-polymer anionic e-soluble yamanzi.Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zenza ukuba zilungele usetyenziso oluhlukeneyo, kubandakanywa njengesithako esibalulekileyo kwi-fracturing fluid formulations.

2. Indima yePAC kulwelo lokuqhekeka:

Ukongeza i-PAC kwi-fracturing fluids inokuguqula iimpawu zayo ze-rheological, ukulawula ilahleko yolwelo, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kolwelo ngokubanzi.Iimpawu zayo ezininzi zinegalelo kwimpumelelo ye-hydraulic fracturing ngeendlela ezininzi.

2.1 Ukuguqulwa kweRheological:

I-PAC isebenza njenge-rheology modifier, echaphazela i-viscosity kunye nokuhamba kweempawu ze-fracturing fluids.I-viscosity elawulwayo ibalulekile ekunikezelweni kwepropant efanelekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-proppant iqhutywe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe ngaphakathi kweefracture ezenziwe ekubunjweni kwamatye.

2.2 Ulawulo lokulahleka kwamanzi:

Omnye wemiceli mngeni yokuqhekeka kwehydraulic kukuthintela ulwelo oluninzi ukuba lungalahleki ekubunjweni kwalo.I-PAC inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukulahleka kwamanzi kwaye yenze ikhekhe lokucoca elikhuselayo kwindawo yokuphuka.Oku kunceda ukugcina ingqibelelo yokwaphuka, kuthintela ukufakwa kwepropayi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwemveliso.

2.3 Uzinzo lobushushu:

I-PAC izinzile lobushushu, into ephambili kwimisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing, ehlala ifuna ukuvezwa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo obushushu.Ukukwazi kwePAC ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunegalelo ekuthembekeni nasekuphumeleleni kwenkqubo yokwaphuka.

3. Izilumkiso zefomula:

Ukusetyenziswa okuyimpumelelo kwePAC kulwelo oluqhekezayo kufuna uqwalaselo olululo lweeparamitha zokwenziwa.Oku kuquka ukhetho lwebakala lePAC, ugxininiso, kunye nokuhambelana nezinye izongezo.Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwePAC kunye namanye amacandelo kulwelo lokuqhekeka, okufana nee-cross-linkers kunye neziqhekeza, kufuneka kuphuculwe ukuze kusebenze ngokugqibeleleyo.

4. Iingqwalasela zokusingqongileyo kunye nolawulo:

Njengoko ulwazi lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nemithetho yokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing iqhubeka nokuvela, ukusetyenziswa kweePACs kulwelo oluqhekezayo kuyahambelana neenzame zeshishini lokuphuhlisa imixube ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.I-PAC iyanyibilika emanzini kwaye iyabola, inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokusombulula iingxaki ezinxulumene nezongezo zekhemikhali kwi-hydraulic fracturing.

5. I-Case studies kunye nezicelo zangaphandle:

Uphononongo oluninzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwentsimi kubonisa ukusetyenziswa okuyimpumelelo kwePAC kwifracturing yehydraulic.Le mizekelo iqaqambisa ukuphucuka komgangatho wokusebenza, ukonga imali kunye neengenelo zokusingqongileyo zokubandakanya iPAC kulwakhiwo lwefracturing.

6. Imingeni kunye nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo:

Ngelixa iPAC ibonakalise ukuba licandelo elibalulekileyo kulwelo oluqhekekayo, imingeni isahleli njengemiba yokuhambelana namanzi athile okwakheka kunye nemfuno yophando oluthe kratya kwiimpembelelo zabo zexesha elide zokusingqongileyo.Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekujonganeni nale mingeni, kunye nokuphonononga iindlela ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bokunyusa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nozinzo lwemisebenzi ye-hydraulic fracturing.

7. Isiphelo:

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqweni kwe-fracturing fluids ye-hydraulic fracturing operations kwishishini leoli kunye negesi.Iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zifaka isandla ekulawuleni i-rheology, ukuthintela ukulahleka kwamanzi kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa, ekugqibeleni kuphuculwe impumelelo yenkqubo yokuqhawula.Njengoko ushishino luqhubeleka nokukhula, ukusetyenziswa kwePAC kuyahambelana nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zolawulo, oko kuyenza ibe licandelo eliphambili kuphuhliso lwezenzo ezizinzileyo zokuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic fracturing.Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye neenzame zophuhliso zinokukhokelela kwinkqubela phambili yokwenziwa kolwelo olusekwe kwiPAC, ukulungisa imingeni kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zejoloji kunye nokusebenza.