Iindidi ze-admixtures ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakheni udaka olomileyo, iimpawu zabo zokusebenza, indlela yokusebenza, kunye nefuthe labo ekusebenzeni kweemveliso zodaka ezinomxube owomileyo.Umphumo wokuphucula i-agent yokugcina amanzi njenge-cellulose ether kunye ne-starch ether, i-latex ephindwe kabini yomgubo kunye nezixhobo zefiber ekusebenzeni kodaka oluxubileyo lwaxutyushwa ngokugxininisa.
I-Admixtures idlala indima ephambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwesakhiwo sodaka oluxutyiweyo, kodwa ukongezwa kodaka oluxutyiweyo oluxubeneyo kwenza ukuba iindleko zempahla yemveliso yodaka eyomileyo ibe phezulu kakhulu kunodaka lwemveli, olubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-40% yodaka. ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo kudaka oluxubeneyo elomileyo.Okwangoku, inxalenye enkulu ye-admixture inikezelwa ngabavelisi bamazwe angaphandle, kwaye idosi yereferensi yemveliso inikezelwa ngumthengisi.Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso leemveliso zodaka oluxutyiweyo luhlala luphezulu, kwaye kunzima ukuvakalisa i-masonry eqhelekileyo kunye ne-plastering mortars ezinobuninzi kunye neendawo ezibanzi;iimveliso zentengiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu zilawulwa ziinkampani zangaphandle, kwaye abenzi bodaka oluxubeneyo olomileyo banengeniso ephantsi kunye nokunyamezela amaxabiso amabi;Kukho ukunqongophala kophando olucwangcisiweyo nolujoliswe kuyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza, kwaye iifomula zangaphandle zilandelwa ngokungaboniyo.
Ngokusekelwe kwezi zizathu zingasentla, eli phepha lihlalutya kwaye lithelekisa ezinye iimpawu ezisisiseko ze-admixtures ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ngenxa yesi siseko, iphonononga ukusebenza kweemveliso zodaka ezinomxube owomileyo usebenzisa i-admixtures.
1 iarhente yokugcina amanzi
I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ngumxube obalulekileyo wokuphucula ukugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka odibeneyo owomileyo, kwaye ikwayenye yezinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphambili zokumisela ixabiso lezinto ezixutywe ngodaka.
1. IHydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso ezenziwe ngokusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile.I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo ngama-ejenti ahlukeneyo etherifying ukufumana i-ethers ye-cellulose eyahlukeneyo.Ngokweepropathi ze-ionization ze-substituents, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ionic (efana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).Ngokohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether inokohlulwa ibe yi-monoether (efana ne-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-ether exutywe (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Ngokutsho kwe-solubility eyahlukileyo, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-soluble yamanzi (efana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-organic solvent-soluble (efana ne-ethyl cellulose), njl njl. yahlulwe ngokohlobo olukhawulezileyo kunye nomgangatho onyangwayo wokulibaziseka uhlobo lokupheliswa.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether kumdaka ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose inyibilika ngokulula emanzini abandayo, kwaye iya kudibana nobunzima ekunyibilikeni kumanzi ashushu.Kodwa ubushushu bayo be-gelation emanzini ashushu buphezulu kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose.Ukunyibilika kumanzi abandayo kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihambelana nobunzima bayo be-molecular, kwaye ubukhulu be-molecular weight, buphezulu be-viscosity.Ubushushu buchaphazela i-viscosity yayo, njengoko izinga lokushisa linyuka, i-viscosity iyancipha.Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity yayo ephezulu inefuthe eliphantsi lobushushu kune-methyl cellulose.Isisombululo sayo sizinzile xa sigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuxhomekeke kwisixa sokongeza, i-viscosity, njl.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzileyo kakhulu kwi-pH = 2 ~ 12.I-Caustic soda kunye namanzi e-lime anempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwayo kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity yayo.I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwiityuwa eziqhelekileyo, kodwa xa ukuxinwa kwesisombululo setyuwa kuphezulu, i-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isisombululo ivame ukunyuka.
(5) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokuxutywa kunye ne-polymer compounds e-soluble yamanzi ukuze yenze isisombululo esifanayo kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu.Okufana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-gum yemifuno, njl.
(6) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana ne-enzyme engcono kune-methylcellulose, kwaye isisombululo sayo asikwazi ukuthotywa yi-enzymes kune-methylcellulose.
(7) I-adhesion ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwisakhiwo sodaka iphezulu kune-methylcellulose.
2. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu osulungekisiweyo uphathwe ngealkali, i-cellulose ether iveliswa ngothotho lweempendulo ngemethane chloride njenge-etherification agent.Ngokubanzi, iqondo lokutshintsha liyi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye ukunyibilika kwahluka ngokwamanqanaba okutshintsha.yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu.Isisombululo saso samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH = 3 ~ 12.Inokuhambelana kakuhle nestatshi, i-guar gum, njl. kunye nee-surfactants ezininzi.Xa iqondo lokushisa lifikelela kwiqondo lokushisa, i-gelation iyenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuxhomekeke kwisixa sokongeza, i-viscosity, i-particle fineness kunye nesantya sokuchithwa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba isixa esongezelelweyo sikhulu, i-fineness incinci, kwaye i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu.Phakathi kwabo, inani lokongezelela linempembelelo enkulu kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye inqanaba le-viscosity alilingani ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi.Izinga lokuchithwa ikakhulu lixhomekeke kwiqondo lokuguqulwa komphezulu wamasuntswana e-cellulose kunye ne-particle fineness.Phakathi kwezi zingentla ze-cellulose ethers, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinezinga eliphezulu lokugcina amanzi.
(3) Utshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu luya kuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-methyl cellulose.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubi.Ukuba ubushushu bomdaka budlula i-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kuchaphazela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodaka.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni komdaka.“Ukuncamathisela” apha kubhekisa kumandla okuncamathelisa okuvakala phakathi kwesixhobo sokufaka isicelo somsebenzi kunye nenxalenye yodonga, oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa kokucheba kodaka.I-adhesiveness iphezulu, ukuxhathisa i-shear yodaka kukhulu, kwaye amandla afunwa ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nawo mkhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka kubi.I-Methyl cellulose adhesion ikwinqanaba eliphakathi kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether.
3. I-Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe kwikotoni esulungekileyo ephathwe nge-alkali, kwaye iphendule nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent phambi kwe-acetone.Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.5 ~ 2.0.Ine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu.Isisombululo saso sizinzile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle kwe-gelling.Ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kwidaka, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile kwi-asidi ngokubanzi kunye ne-alkali.I-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwayo kwaye inyuse kancinci i-viscosity yayo.I-dispersibility yayo emanzini imbi kancinane kune-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inokusebenza kakuhle kwe-anti-sag yodaka, kodwa inexesha elide lokubuyiswa kwesamente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose eveliswa ngamanye amashishini asekhaya ngokucacileyo isezantsi kune-methyl cellulose ngenxa yobuninzi bamanzi kunye nomxholo ophezulu wothuthu.
Isitatshi ether
Isitatshi ethers ezisetyenziswa kumdaka zilungiswa ukusuka kwiipolima zendalo zepolysaccharides ezithile.Ezinje ngeitapile, umbona, icassava, iimbotyi zeguar njalo njalo.
1. Isitatshi esilungisiweyo
I-ether yesitatshi eguqulwe kwiitapile, umbona, icassava, njl.njl. inokugcinwa kwamanzi okusezantsi kakhulu kuneselulosi ether.Ngenxa yomgangatho ohlukeneyo wokuguqulwa, ukuzinza kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali kuyahluka.Ezinye iimveliso zifanelekile ukuba zisetyenziswe kwi-gypsum-based mortars, ngelixa ezinye zingasetyenziselwa kwi-samente-based mortars.Ukusetyenziswa kwe-starch ether kwi-mortar kusetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener yokuphucula ipropathi echasene ne-sagging yodaka, ukunciphisa ukunamathela kodaka olumanzi, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuvula.
Isitashi se-ethers sihlala sisetyenziswa kunye neselulosi, ukwenzela ukuba iipropati kunye neenzuzo zezi mveliso zimbini ziyancedisana.Njengoko iimveliso ze-ether zestatshi zitshiphu kakhulu kune-ether ye-cellulose, ukusetyenziswa kwe-ether yesitatshi kudaka kuya kuzisa ukuncipha okubonakalayo kwindleko yokwenziwa kodaka.
2. Igum gum ether
I-Guar gum ether luhlobo lwe-ether ye-starch eneempawu ezikhethekileyo, eziguqulwa ukusuka kwiimbotyi ze-guar zendalo.Ngokukodwa ngokuphendula kwe-etherification ye-guar gum kunye neqela elisebenzayo le-acrylic, isakhiwo esine-2-hydroxypropyl iqela elisebenzayo lenziwe, eliyisakhiwo se-polygalactomannose.
(1) Xa kuthelekiswa ne-cellulose ether, iguar gum ether inyibilika ngakumbi emanzini.Iimpawu ze-pH guar ethers azichaphazeleki.
(2) Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-viscosity ephantsi kunye ne-dosage ephantsi, i-guar gum ingathatha indawo ye-cellulose ether ngenani elilinganayo, kwaye inokugcinwa kwamanzi okufanayo.Kodwa ukuhambelana, i-anti-sag, i-thixotropy kunye nokunye ngokucacileyo kuphuculwe.
(3) Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-viscosity ephezulu kunye ne-dosage enkulu, i-guar gum ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo ye-cellulose ether, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okuxubileyo kwezi zibini kuya kuvelisa ukusebenza okungcono.
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-guar gum kwi-gypsum-based mortar kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukubambelela ngexesha lokwakha kunye nokwenza ulwakhiwo lube lula.Ayinayo impembelelo embi kwixesha lokumisela kunye namandla omdaka we-gypsum.
3. I-thickener yokugcina amanzi eminerali elungisiweyo
I-thickener yokugcina amanzi eyenziwe ngeeminerali zendalo ngokuguqulwa kunye nokudibanisa isetyenziswe e-China.Iiminerali eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-thickeners yokugcina amanzi zezi: i-sepiolite, i-bentonite, i-montmorillonite, i-kaolin, njl.Olu hlobo lwe-thickener yokugcina amanzi efakwe kwidaka inezi mpawu zilandelayo.
(1) Inokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka oluqhelekileyo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle kodaka lwesamente, amandla aphantsi odaka oluxutyiweyo, kunye nokunganyangeki kwamanzi.
(2) Iimveliso zodaka ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo omelela kwimizi-mveliso ngokubanzi kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu zinokuqulunqwa.
(3) Ixabiso lezinto eziphathekayo liphantsi kakhulu kune-cellulose ether kunye ne-starch ether.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuphantsi kune-ejenti yokugcina amanzi e-organic, ixabiso le-shrinkage elomileyo lodaka olulungisiweyo likhulu, kwaye ukubambisana kuyancipha.
I-redispersible polymer rubber powder
I-powder ye-rubber e-dispersible icutshungulwa ngokutshiza ukomiswa kwe-emulsion ekhethekileyo ye-polymer.Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, i-colloid yokukhusela, i-anti-caking agent, njl.Umgubo werabha owomileyo ngamasuntswana angqukuva angama-80 ~ 100mm aqokelelwe ndawonye.La masuntswana anyibilika emanzini kwaye enze i-dispersion ezinzileyo inkulu kancinane kunee-emulsion zakuqala.Oku kusasazeka kuya kwenza ifilimu emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi kunye nokomisa.Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwakheka kwefilimu ye-emulsion jikelele, kwaye ayiyi kuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde idibane namanzi.Ukusasazwa.
I-rubber powder enokuphinda ihlulwe ibe: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njl., kwaye isekelwe kule nto, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njl.Amanyathelo okuguqula ahlukeneyo enza i-powder yerabha enokuchithwa kwakhona ibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuchasana kwamanzi, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali, ukuchasana kwemozulu kunye nokuguquguquka.Iqukethe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicone, enokwenza i-powder yerabha ibe ne-hydrophobicity enhle.I-highly branched vinyl tertiary carbonate enexabiso eliphantsi le-Tg kunye nokuguquguquka okulungileyo.
Xa ezi ntlobo ze-rubber powders zifakwe kwi-mortar, zonke zinefuthe lokulibaziseka kwixesha lokumisela i-samente, kodwa umphumo wokulibazisa uncinci kunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-emulsions efanayo.Ngokuthelekisa, i-styrene-butadiene inempembelelo enkulu yokunciphisa, kwaye i-ethylene-vinyl acetate ineyona mpembelelo encinci yokunciphisa.Ukuba i-dosage incinci kakhulu, umphumo wokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka awubonakali.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-03-2023