I-Cellulose ethers zizinto eziguquguqukayo ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo kuquka ukwakhiwa, amayeza kunye nokutya. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-cellulose ether inzima kakhulu, ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kwaye idinga ubuchule obuninzi kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Kule nqaku, siza kuxubusha ngokubanzi inkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ethers.
Isinyathelo sokuqala kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether kukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuvelisa i-cellulose ethers zidla ngokuphuma kwintlama yomthi kunye nenkunkuma yomqhaphu. I-pulp yokhuni ihlanjululwe kwaye ihlolwe ukuze isuse nayiphi na inkunkuma enkulu, ngelixa inkunkuma yekotoni icutshungulwa ibe yi-pulp ecocekileyo. I-pulp ke iyancipha ngobukhulu ngokusila ukufumana umgubo ocolekileyo. I-pulp yeplanga yomgubo kunye ne-cotton yenkunkuma iye idityaniswe kunye ngokwemilinganiselo ethile ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifunwayo zemveliso yokugqibela.
Inyathelo elilandelayo libandakanya ukusetyenzwa kweekhemikhali zesondlo esixutyiweyo. I-pulp iphathwa kuqala ngesisombululo se-alkaline (ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium hydroxide) ukuphula isakhiwo se-fibrous se-cellulose. I-cellulose evelayo iphathwa nge-solvent efana ne-carbon disulfide ukuvelisa i-cellulose xanthate. Olu nyango luqhutyelwa kwiitanki kunye nokunikezelwa okuqhubekayo kwe-pulp. Isisombululo se-cellulose xanthate sikhutshwe ngesixhobo sokukhupha ukuze senze iifayili.
Emva koko, i-cellulose xanthate filaments yaphonswa kwindawo yokuhlambela ene-dilute sulfuric acid. Oku kubangela ukuvuselelwa kwe-cellulose xanthate chains, ukwenza iifiber ze-cellulose. Imicu emitsha yecellulose iye ihlanjwe ngamanzi ukuze kususwe nakuphi na ukungcola phambi kokuba kwenziwe ibleach. Inkqubo yokwenza i<em>bleaching isebenzisa i<em>hydrogen peroxide ukwenza mhlophe imicu ye<em>cellulose, ethi emva koko ihlanjwe ngamanzi ize iyekwe ukuze yome.
Emva kokuba imicu yecellulose yomisiwe, ingena kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-etherification. Inkqubo ye-etherification ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-ether, afana ne-methyl, i-ethyl okanye amaqela e-hydroxyethyl, kwimicu ye-cellulose. Indlela iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-reaction ye-etherification agent kunye ne-acid catalyst phambi kwe-solvent. Ukusabela ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngononophelo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lokuqinisekisa imveliso ephezulu kunye nococeko.
Ngeli xesha, i-ether cellulose yayikwimo yomgubo omhlophe. Imveliso egqityiweyo emva koko iphantsi koluhlu lovavanyo lokulawula umgangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ihlangabezana nezinto ezinqwenelekayo kunye neenkcukacha, ezifana ne-viscosity, ukucoceka kwemveliso kunye nomxholo wokufuma. Emva koko ipakishwe kwaye ithunyelwe kumsebenzisi wokugqibela.
Ukushwankathela, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-cellulose ether ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, unyango lweekhemikhali, ukujikeleza, i-bleaching kunye ne-etherification, elandelwa kuvavanyo lokulawula umgangatho. Yonke le nkqubo idinga izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwazi lokuphendulwa kweekhemikhali kwaye lwenziwa phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Ukuvelisa i-cellulose ethers yinkqubo enzima kwaye ithatha ixesha, kodwa iyimfuneko kumashishini amaninzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-21-2023