Iselulosi ether
I-ether ye-cellulose ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso eziveliswa yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile.I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo ngama-agent ahlukeneyo e-etherifying ukufumana ii-ethers ze-cellulose ezahlukeneyo.Ngokweempawu ze-ionization zamalungu, i-cellulose ethers inokwahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ionic (efana ne-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose).Ngokohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether inokohlulwa ibe yi-monoether (efana ne-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-ether exutyiweyo (efana ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose).Ngokokunyibilika okwahlukileyo, kunokohlulwa kunyibiliko lwamanzi (olufana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-organic solvent-soluble (efana ne-ethyl cellulose), njl njl. yahlulwe ngokohlobo olukhawulezileyo kunye nomgangatho onyangwayo wokulibaziseka uhlobo lokupheliswa.
Indlela yokusebenza ye-cellulose ether kumdaka ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
(1) Emva kokuba i-ether cellulose kumdaka inyibilikiswe emanzini, ukuhanjiswa okusebenzayo kunye okufanayo kwesixhobo se-cementitious kwinkqubo kuqinisekiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi ongaphezulu, kunye ne-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid ekhuselayo, "isonga" into eqinileyo. amasuntswana kunye Umaleko wefilimu yokuthambisa yenziwe kwindawo yayo yangaphandle, eyenza inkqubo yodaka iqine ngakumbi, kwaye iphucula umbane wodaka ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nokugudiswa kokwakhiwa.
(2) Ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwalo lwemolekyuli, isisombululo se-ether se-cellulose senza ukuba amanzi kumdaka angabi lula ukulahleka, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe akhuphe ixesha elide, enika udaka ngokugcinwa kakuhle kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza.
1. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu osulungekisiweyo uphathwe ngealkali, i-cellulose ether iveliswa ngothotho lweempendulo ngemethane chloride njenge-etherification agent.Ngokubanzi, iqondo lokutshintsha liyi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye ukunyibilika kwahluka ngokwamanqanaba okutshintsha.yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu.Isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH = 3 ~ 12.Inokuhambelana kakuhle nestatshi, iguar gum, njl njl kunye nee-surfactants ezininzi.Xa iqondo lokushisa lifikelela kwiqondo lokushisa, i-gelation iyenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuxhomekeke kwisixa sokongeza, i-viscosity, i-particle fineness kunye nesantya sokuchithwa.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba isixa esongezelelweyo sikhulu, i-fineness incinci, kwaye i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu.Phakathi kwabo, inani lokongezelela linempembelelo enkulu kwizinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye inqanaba le-viscosity alilingani ngokuthe ngqo kwinqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi.Izinga lokuchithwa ikakhulu lixhomekeke kwiqondo lokuguqulwa komphezulu wamasuntswana e-cellulose kunye ne-particle fineness.Phakathi kwezi ether ze-cellulose ezingentla, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinezinga eliphezulu lokugcina amanzi.
(3) Utshintsho kwiqondo lobushushu luya kuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-methyl cellulose.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubi.Ukuba ubushushu bomdaka budlula i-40 ° C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kuchaphazela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kodaka.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni komdaka.“Ukunamathiswa” apha kubhekiselele kumandla okuncamathelisa okuvakala phakathi kwesixhobo sokufaka isicelo somsebenzi kunye nenxalenye yodonga, oko kukuthi, ukuxhathisa kokucheba kodaka.I-adhesiveness iphezulu, ukuxhathisa kwe-shear yodaka kukhulu, kwaye amandla afunwa ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nawo mkhulu, kwaye ukwakhiwa kodaka kubi.I-Methyl cellulose adhesion ikwinqanaba eliphakathi kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether.
2. IHydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose luhlobo lweselulosi oluphuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje.I-ether engeyiyo ionic cellulose exutywe ne-ether eyenziwe kwi-cotton ecocekileyo emva kwe-alkalization, isebenzisa i-propylene oxide kunye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherification agent, ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lweempendulo.Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.2 ~ 2.0.Iimpawu zayo zihluke ngenxa yemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yomxholo we-methoxyl kunye nomxholo we-hydroxypropyl.
(1) IHydroxypropyl methylcellulose inyibilika ngokulula emanzini abandayo, kwaye iya kudibana nobunzima ekunyibilikeni kumanzi ashushu.Kodwa ubushushu bayo be-gelation emanzini ashushu buphezulu kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose.Ukunyibilika kumanzi abandayo kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ihambelana nobunzima bayo be-molecular, kwaye ubukhulu be-molecular weight, buphezulu be-viscosity.Ubushushu buchaphazela i-viscosity yayo, njengoko izinga lokushisa linyuka, i-viscosity iyancipha.Nangona kunjalo, i-viscosity yayo ephezulu inefuthe eliphantsi lobushushu kune-methyl cellulose.Isisombululo sayo sizinzile xa sigcinwe kwiqondo lokushisa.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuxhomekeke kwisixa sokongeza, i-viscosity, njl.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzileyo kakhulu kwi-pH = 2 ~ 12.I-Caustic soda kunye namanzi e-lime anempembelelo encinci ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwayo kunye nokwandisa i-viscosity yayo.I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwiityuwa eziqhelekileyo, kodwa xa ukuxinwa kwesisombululo setyuwa kuphezulu, i-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose isisombululo ivame ukunyuka.
(5) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokuxutywa kunye ne-polymer compounds e-soluble yamanzi ukuze yenze isisombululo esifanayo kunye ne-viscosity ephezulu.Okufana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-gum yemifuno, njl.
(6) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana ne-enzyme engcono kune-methylcellulose, kwaye isisombululo sayo asikwazi ukuthotywa yi-enzymes kune-methylcellulose.
(7) I-adhesion ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwisakhiwo sodaka iphezulu kune-methylcellulose.
3. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe kwikotoni esulungekileyo ephathwe nge-alkali, kwaye iphendule nge-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent phambi kwe-acetone.Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.5 ~ 2.0.Ine-hydrophilicity eyomeleleyo kwaye kulula ukufunxa ukufuma
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilika emanzini ashushu.Isisombululo saso sizinzile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphandle kwe-gelling.Ingasetyenziselwa ixesha elide phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kwidaka, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile kwi-asidi ngokubanzi kunye ne-alkali.I-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwayo kwaye inyuse kancinci i-viscosity yayo.I-dispersibility yayo emanzini imbi kancinane kune-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose..
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inokusebenza kakuhle kwe-anti-sag yodaka, kodwa inexesha elide lokubuyiswa kwesamente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose eveliswa ngamanye amashishini asekhaya ngokucacileyo isezantsi kune-methyl cellulose ngenxa yomthamo wayo ophezulu wamanzi kunye nomxholo ophezulu wothuthu.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
I-Ionic cellulose ether yenziwe kwimicu yendalo (ikotoni, njl.njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, kusetyenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, kwaye iphantsi koluhlu lwezonyango zokusabela.Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchatshazelwa kakhulu ngumgangatho wokutshintshwa.
(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic ngakumbi, kwaye iya kuba namanzi amaninzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
(2) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose isisombululo samanzi asiyi kuvelisa i-gel, kwaye i-viscosity iya kuncipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.Xa iqondo lokushisa lidlula i-50 ° C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Ukuzinza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-pH.Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokusetyenziswa kwi-gypsum-based mortar, kodwa kungekhona kwi-samente-based mortar.Xa i-alkaline iphezulu, ilahlekelwa yi-viscosity.
(4) Ugcino lwawo lwamanzi lusezantsi kakhulu kunolo lwemethyl cellulose.Inempembelelo ebambezelayo kwi-gypsum-based mortar kwaye inciphisa amandla ayo.Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphantsi kakhulu kunelo le-methyl cellulose.
I-redispersible polymer rubber powder
I-powder ye-rubber e-dispersible icutshungulwa ngokutshiza ukomiswa kwe-emulsion ekhethekileyo ye-polymer.Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, i-colloid yokukhusela, i-anti-caking agent, njl.Umgubo werabha omisiweyo ngamasuntswana angqukuva angama-80 ~ 100mm aqokelelwe ndawonye.La masuntswana anyibilika emanzini kwaye enze i-dispersion ezinzileyo inkulu kancinane kunee-emulsion zakuqala.Oku kusasazeka kuya kwenza ifilimu emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi kunye nokomisa.Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwakheka kwefilimu ye-emulsion jikelele, kwaye ayiyi kuphinda iphinde iphinde iphinde idibane namanzi.Ukusasazwa.
I-rubber powder enokuphinda ihlulwe ibe: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njl., kwaye isekelwe kule nto, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njl.Amanyathelo okuguqula ahlukeneyo enza i-powder yerabha enokuphinda ihlakazwe ibe neepropati ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuxhathisa kwamanzi, ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali, ukuchasana kwemozulu kunye nokuguquguquka.Iqukethe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicone, enokwenza i-rubber powder ibe ne-hydrophobicity enhle.I-highly branched vinyl tertiary carbonate enexabiso eliphantsi le-Tg kunye nokuguquguquka okulungileyo.
Xa ezi ntlobo ze-rubber powders zifakwe kwi-mortar, zonke zinefuthe lokulibaziseka kwixesha lokumisela i-samente, kodwa umphumo wokulibazisa uncinci kunokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-emulsions efanayo.Ngokuthelekisa, i-styrene-butadiene inempembelelo enkulu yokunciphisa, kwaye i-ethylene-vinyl acetate ineyona mpembelelo encinci yokunciphisa.Ukuba i-dosage incinci kakhulu, umphumo wokuphucula ukusebenza kodaka awubonakali.
Iintsinga zePolypropylene
Ifayibha yePolypropylene yenziwe ngepolypropylene njengemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nesixa esifanelekileyo sesilungisi.Idayamitha yefiber ngokuqhelekileyo imalunga nama-microns angama-40, amandla e-tensile yi-300 ~ 400mpa, i-elastic modulus yi-≥3500mpa, kwaye ubude bokugqibela yi-15 ~ 18%.Iimpawu zayo zokusebenza:
(1) Iifayili ze-polypropylene zihanjiswa ngokufanayo kwiindlela ezintathu-dimensional random kwi-mortar, eyenza inkqubo yokuqinisa inethiwekhi.Ukuba i-1 kg ye-polypropylene fiber yongezwa kwitoni nganye yomdaka, ngaphezu kwe-30 yezigidi ze-monofilament fibers inokufumaneka.
(2) Ukongeza i-polypropylene fiber kwi-mortar inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iintanda ze-shrinkage zodaka kwimeko yeplastiki.Ingaba ezi ntanda ziyabonakala okanye azibonakali.Kwaye inokunciphisa kakhulu ukopha komphezulu kunye nokuhlaliswa okudibeneyo kodaka olutsha.
(3) Kumzimba owenziwe lukhuni, i-polypropylene fiber inokunciphisa kakhulu inani lokuqhekeka kwe-deformation.Oko kukuthi, xa umzimba wokuqina wodaka uvelisa uxinzelelo ngenxa yokuguqulwa, unokuxhathisa kwaye udlulise uxinzelelo.Xa udaka lomzimba oluqiniswayo luqhekeka, lunokunciphisa uxinzelelo loxinzelelo kwincam yoqhekeko kwaye luthintele ukwanda kokuqhekeka.
(4) Ukusasazwa ngokufanelekileyo kwee-polypropylene fibers kwimveliso yodaka kuya kuba yingxaki enzima.Izixhobo zokuxuba, uhlobo lwefayibha kunye nedosi, umlinganiselo wodaka kunye neeparamitha zayo zenkqubo ziya kuba zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukusasazwa.
iarhente yokungenisa umoya
I-arhente yokungenisa umoya luhlobo lwe-surfactant enokuthi yenze amaqamza omoya azinzileyo kwikonkrithi entsha okanye udaka ngeendlela zomzimba.Ngokukodwa zibandakanya: i-rosin kunye neepolymers zayo ezishisayo, i-non-ionic surfactants, i-alkylbenzene sulfonates, i-lignosulfonates, i-carboxylic acid kunye neetyuwa zabo, njl.
Ii-agent zokungenisa umoya zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa udaka lokutyabeka kunye nodaka lwe-masonry.Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-arhente yokungenisa umoya, utshintsho oluthile ekusebenzeni kodaka luya kuziswa.
(1) Ngenxa yokuqaliswa kwamaqamza omoya, ukukhululeka nokwakhiwa kodaka olusandul’ ukuxutywa kunokwandiswa, yaye ukopha kunokuncipha.
(2) Ukusebenzisa nje i-agent-entraining agent iya kunciphisa amandla kunye no-elasticity of mold in the mortar.Ukuba i-arhente yokungenisa umoya kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa amanzi isetyenziswe kunye, kwaye umlinganiselo ufanelekile, ixabiso lamandla aliyi kuncipha.
(3) Inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukuxhathisa kweqabaka yodaka oluqinileyo, ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kodaka, kunye nokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukukhukuliseka kodaka oluqinileyo.
(4) I-agent-entraining agent iya kwandisa umthamo womoya womdaka, oya kwandisa i-shrinkage yomdaka, kwaye ixabiso le-shrinkage lingancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokudibanisa i-agent yokunciphisa amanzi.
Ekubeni isixa se-agent yokungenisa umoya esongeziweyo sincinci kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo sibalwa kuphela kwishumi lamawaka lamawaka exabiso lilonke lezinto zesamente, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ixutywe ngexesha lokuvelisa udaka;Izinto ezifana neendlela zokuvuselela kunye nexesha lokuvuselela ziya kuchaphazela kakhulu isixa sokungenisa umoya.Ngoko ke, phantsi kweemeko zangoku zemveliso yasekhaya kunye nokwakhiwa, ukongeza i-air-entraining agents kwi-mortar kufuna umsebenzi omningi wokulinga.
ummeli wamandla kwangoko
Isetyenziselwa ukuphucula amandla okuqala ekhonkrithi kunye nodaka, i-sulfate i-ejenti zamandla zakuqala zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokukodwa kuquka i-sodium sulfate, i-sodium thiosulfate, i-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-potassium aluminium sulfate.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-anhydrous sodium sulfate isetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye umthamo wayo uphantsi kwaye umphumo wamandla okuqala ulungile, kodwa ukuba idosi inkulu kakhulu, iya kubangela ukwanda kunye nokuqhekeka kwinqanaba elizayo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ukubuya kwe-alkali. kuya kwenzeka, okuya kuchaphazela inkangeleko kunye nesiphumo somgangatho wokuhlobisa umphezulu.
I-calcium formate ikwayi-arhente elungileyo yokunqanda umkhenkce.Inesiphumo esihle sangoko samandla, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezisezantsi, ukuhambelana kakuhle nezinye izixube, kwaye iipropathi ezininzi zingcono kuneejenti zamandla esulfate zakuqala, kodwa ixabiso liphezulu.
isinqanda-qhwa
Ukuba i-mortar isetyenziswe kwiqondo lokushisa elibi, ukuba akukho manyathelo e-antifreeze athathwayo, umonakalo weqhwa uya kwenzeka kwaye amandla omzimba onzima uya kutshatyalaliswa.I-Antifreeze ikhusela umonakalo owenziwe ngumkhenkce kwiindlela ezimbini zokuthintela umkhenkce kunye nokuphucula amandla okuqala odaka.
Phakathi kwee-antifreeze agents ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, i-calcium nitrite kunye ne-nitrite ye-sodium zinezona ziphumo zokunqanda ukukhenkceka.Ekubeni i-calcium nitrite ingenayo i-potassium kunye ne-ion ye-sodium, inokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwe-alkali aggregate xa isetyenziswe kwikhonkrithi, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncinci xa isetyenziselwa udaka, ngelixa i-nitrite ye-sodium inokusebenza okungcono.I-Antifreeze isetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo kunye ne-ejenti yamandla okuqala kunye nesinciphisi samanzi ukufumana iziphumo ezanelisayo.Xa udaka oluxubeneyo oluxutywe ne-antifreeze lusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwe-ultra-low, ukushisa komxube kufuneka kwandiswe ngokufanelekileyo, njengokudibanisa namanzi afudumeleyo.
Ukuba isixa se-antifreeze siphezulu kakhulu, siya kunciphisa amandla odaka kwinqanaba lamva, kwaye umphezulu wodaka oluqinileyo uya kuba neengxaki ezifana nokubuya kwealkali, okuya kuchaphazela imbonakalo kunye nesiphumo somgangatho wokuhombisa umphezulu. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-16-2023