Kwi-mortar edibeneyo edibeneyo, inani elongezelelweyo le-cellulose ether liphantsi kakhulu, kodwa linokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kodaka olumanzi, kwaye iyona nto yokongeza echaphazela ukwakhiwa kodaka.Ukukhethwa okufanelekileyo kwee-cellulose ethers zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, i-viscosities eyahlukeneyo, ubukhulu beentlobo ezahlukeneyo, iidigri ezihlukeneyo ze-viscosity kunye neemali ezongezelelweyo ziya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-powder mortar.Okwangoku, udaka oluninzi lwe-masonry kunye ne-plastering lunokusebenza okungahambi kakuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye i-slurry yamanzi iya kwahlula emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma.Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo we-methyl cellulose ether, kwaye ikwayintsebenzo eyenziwa ngabavelisi abaninzi basekhaya abaxubene nodaka, ngakumbi abo bakwiingingqi ezisemazantsi ezinobushushu obuphezulu, banikele ingqalelo kuyo.Izinto ezichaphazela umphumo wokugcinwa kwamanzi omdaka womxube owomileyo uquka inani le-MC elongeziweyo, i-viscosity ye-MC, i-fineness of particles kunye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetyenziswa.
1. Ingcamango
I-Cellulose ether yipolymer eyenziwe nge-cellulose yendalo ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali.I-ether ye-cellulose iphuma kwi-cellulose yendalo.Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kuyahluka kwiipolymers zokwenziwa.Izinto zayo ezisisiseko ziyi-cellulose, i-polymer compound yendalo.Ngenxa yobungcali besakhiwo se-cellulose yendalo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinakho ukusabela kunye nee-etherification agents.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokunyangwa kwe-ejenti yokuvuvukala, iibhondi ze-hydrogen ezomeleleyo phakathi kwamatyathanga e-molecular kunye namatyathanga atshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo kweqela le-hydroxyl kuba yi-alkali cellulose esebenzayo.Fumana i-cellulose ether.
Iimpawu ze-cellulose ethers zixhomekeke kuhlobo, inani kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo.Ulwahlulo lwe-cellulose ethers lukwasekelwe kuhlobo lwabaxumi, i-degree of etherification, i-solubility kunye neepropati ezinxulumene nesicelo.Ngokohlobo lwababambeleyo kwitsheyini yemolekyuli, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether kunye ne-ether edibeneyo.I-MC esiqhele ukuyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kwaye i-HPMC ixutywe i-ether.I-Methyl cellulose ether MC yimveliso emva kweqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose yendalo ifakwe endaweni ye-methoxy.Yimveliso efunyenwe ngokutshintsha inxalenye yeqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi kunye neqela le-methoxy kunye nenye inxalenye kunye neqela le-hydroxypropyl.Ifomula yolwakhiwo ithi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ezi zezona ntlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-solubility, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-non-ionic.Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezingenayo i-ionic ezinyibilikayo zamanzi zenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo amabini e-alkyl ethers kunye ne-hydroxyalkyl ethers.I-Ionic CMC isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwizicoci zokwenziwa, ushicilelo lwelaphu kunye nokudaya, ukutya kunye nokuhlola ioli.I-non-ionic MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njl njl. zisetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwizinto zokwakha, iingubo ze-latex, amayeza, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl njl. Isetyenziswe njenge-thickener, i-agent egcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kunye ne-agent yokwenza ifilimu.
Okwesibini, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi e-cellulose ether: Ukuveliswa kwezinto zokwakha, ngokukodwa udaka lomgubo olomileyo, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakulinganiswa, ngakumbi ekuveliseni udaka olukhethekileyo (udaka olulungisiweyo), luyinto eyimfuneko kwaye ibalulekileyo .
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-ether ye-cellulose e-soluble yamanzi kwi-mortar ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye inamandla okugcina amanzi, enye yimpembelelo ehambelanayo kunye ne-thixotropy yodaka, kwaye okwesithathu kukusebenzisana nesamente.Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-ether ye-cellulose kuxhomekeke ekufunjweni kwamanzi kwinqanaba lesiseko, ukubunjwa kodaka, ubukhulu bodaka lodaka, imfuno yamanzi yodaka, kunye nexesha lokumisela izinto zokumisela.Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuvela kwi-solubility kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo.Njengoko sonke sisazi, nangona i-cellulose i-molecular chain iqulethe inani elikhulu lamaqela e-OH anamandla, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kuba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity.
Isakhono se-hydration samaqela e-hydroxyl iyodwa akwanelanga ukugubungela iibhondi ze-hydrogen ezomeleleyo kunye ne-van der Waals phakathi kwee-molecule.Ngoko ke, idumba kuphela kodwa ayinyibiliki emanzini.Xa i-substituent ingeniswa kwitsheyina le-molecular, kungekhona nje i-substituent etshabalalisa ikhonkco le-hydrogen, kodwa kunye ne-interchain ye-hydrogen bond iyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwe-substituent phakathi kwamatyathanga akufutshane.Ubukhulu be-substitute, umgama omkhulu phakathi kweemolekyuli.Umgama mkhulu.Umphumo omkhulu wokutshabalalisa iibhondi ze-hydrogen, i-ether ye-cellulose iba yi-soluble yamanzi emva kokuba i-cellulose lattice yanda kwaye isisombululo singena, senza isisombululo esiphezulu se-viscosity.Xa izinga lokushisa liphakama, i-hydration ye-polymer iyancipha, kwaye amanzi phakathi kwamaketanga akhutshwa ngaphandle.Xa isiphumo sokuchithwa kwamanzi sanele, iimolekyuli ziqala ukudibanisa, zenza ijeli yesakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-dimensional emithathu kwaye ihlanganiswe ngaphandle.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi odaka ziquka i-cellulose ether viscosity, isixa esongezelelweyo, ukucolwa kwamasuntswana kunye nobushushu bokusebenzisa:
Ubukhulu be-viscosity ye-cellulose ether, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi ukusebenza.I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kweMC.Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MC abahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity ye-MC.Iindlela eziphambili zeHaake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde kunye neBrookfield.Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahluke kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide ziphindwe kabini.Ke ngoko, xa uthelekisa i-viscosity, kufuneka iqhutywe phakathi kweendlela ezifanayo zokuvavanya, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, ingcono isiphumo sokugcina amanzi.Nangona kunjalo, ukuphakama kwe-viscosity kunye nokuphakama kwe-molecular weight ye-MC, ukuhla okuhambelanayo kwi-solubility yayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa kodaka.Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuyabonakala ngakumbi umphumo wokuqina kumdaka, kodwa awuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo.Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, i-viscous ngakumbi i-mortar emanzi iya kuba, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakha, kubonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate.Kodwa akuncedi ukunyusa amandla esakhiwo sodaka olumanzi ngokwalo.Ngexesha lokwakha, ukusebenza kwe-anti-sag akubonakali.Ngokuchasene noko, i-viscosity ethile ephakathi kunye nephantsi kodwa i-methyl cellulose ethers elungisiweyo inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo ekuphuculeni amandla okwakhiwa kodaka olumanzi.
Ubuninzi be-ether ye-cellulose eyongeziweyo kwidaka, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kunye nokuphakama kwe-viscosity, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani bamasuntswana, incinci incinci, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi.Emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu e-cellulose ether adibane namanzi, umphezulu uyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze ijeli ukusonga izinto zokuthintela iimolekyuli zamanzi ukuba zingaqhubeki nokungena.Ngamanye amaxesha ayinakuchithwa ngokulinganayo kwaye inyibilikiswe nasemva kwexesha elide, ukwenza isisombululo esinamafu okanye i-agglomeration.Ichaphazela kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, kunye ne-solubility yenye yezinto zokukhetha i-cellulose ether.
Ukulunga kukwayisalathisi sokusebenza esibalulekileyo se-methyl cellulose ether.I-MC esetyenziselwa udaka lwepowder eyomileyo iyadingeka ukuba ibe ngumgubo, kunye nomxholo wamanzi aphantsi, kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kufuna i-20% ~ 60% ye-particle size ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63um.Ukucoleka kuchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether.I-coarse MC idla ngokuba yigranular, kwaye kulula ukuyinyibilika emanzini ngaphandle kwe-agglomeration, kodwa izinga lokuchithwa licotha kakhulu, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwidaka elomileyo lomgubo.Kwipowder eyomileyo yodaka, i-MC ihlakazekile phakathi kwezinto zesamente ezifana ne-aggregate, i-fine filler kunye nesamente, kwaye kuphela umgubo ococekileyo owaneleyo unokunqanda i-methyl cellulose ether agglomeration xa ixutywa namanzi.Xa i-MC yongezwa ngamanzi ukunyibilikisa i-agglomerates, kunzima kakhulu ukuchithwa kunye nokuchithwa.
I-coarse fineness ye-MC ayiyonkcitho nje kuphela, kodwa ikwanciphisa amandla asekuhlaleni odaka.Xa udaka olunjalo olomileyo lusetyenziswa kwindawo enkulu, isantya sokunyanga sodaka lwendawo eyomileyo siya kuncitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye iintanda ziya kubonakala ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuphilisa.Ngodaka olutshiziweyo kunye nokwakhiwa komatshini, imfuno yokucolwa iphezulu ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuxuba.
Ukucoleka kwe-MC kukwanefuthe elithile ekugcineni amanzi.Ngokubanzi, kwi-methyl cellulose ethers ezineviscosity efanayo kodwa ukucoleka okwahlukileyo, phantsi komyinge wokongeza ofanayo, kokukhona ucoleka kokukhona kungcono ugcino lwamanzi.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kuhambelana nobushushu obusetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kunciphisa ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa.Nangona kunjalo, kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, udaka olomileyo lomgubo luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwama-40 degrees) kwiindawo ezininzi, ezinje ngodonga lwangaphandle lokutyatyekwa phantsi kwelanga ehlotyeni, oluhlala lukhawulezisa Ukunyangwa kwesamente kunye nokuqina kwesamente. udaka olomileyo lomgubo.Ukwehla kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kukhokelela kwimvakalelo ecacileyo yokuba zombini ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuchaphazeleka, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yobushushu phantsi kwesi simo.
Nangona i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether additives okwangoku ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili ekuphuhlisweni kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwiqondo lokushisa kuya kukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kokusebenza kodaka olomileyo lomgubo.Nangona isixa se-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose sandisiwe (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kusenganakho ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa.Ngonyango oluthile olukhethekileyo kwi-MC, olufana nokwandisa iqondo le-etherification, njl., isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi sinokugcinwa kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ukwenzela ukuba linike ukusebenza okungcono phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
3. Ukuqina kunye Thixotropy yeCellulose Etere
Ukuqina kunye ne-thixotropy ye-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesibini we-cellulose ether-i-thickening effect ixhomekeke kwi: iqondo le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, i-concentration concentration, i-shear rate, iqondo lokushisa kunye nezinye iimeko.Ipropati ye-gelling yesisombululo iyingqayizivele kwi-alkyl cellulose kunye ne-derivatives yayo eguqulwayo.Iimpawu ze-gelation zihambelana neqondo lokutshintshwa, ukugxininiswa kwesisombululo kunye nezongezo.Kwizinto ze-hydroxyalkyl eziguqulweyo, iipropathi zejeli nazo zihambelana neqondo lokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxyalkyl.Kuba viscosity low MC kunye HPMC, 10% -15% isisombululo ingalungiswa, viscosity medium MC kunye HPMC ingalungiswa 5% -10% isisombululo, lo gama viscosity eliphezulu MC kunye HPMC ungalungisa kuphela 2% -3% isisombululo, kwaye Ngokuqhelekileyo. i-viscosity classification ye-cellulose ether iphinda ihlelwe yi-1% -2% isisombululo.
Ubunzima bemolekyuli ephezulu ye-cellulose ether inokuqina okuphezulu.Kwisisombululo esifanayo soxinaniso, iipolymers ezinobunzima obuhlukeneyo beemolekyuli zinee-viscosities ezahlukeneyo.Iqondo eliphezulu.I-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo inokufezekiswa kuphela ngokudibanisa inani elikhulu le-molecular weight low cellulose ether.I-viscosity yayo inokuxhomekeka okuncinci kwireyithi yokucheba, kwaye i-viscosity ephezulu ifikelela kwi-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye inani elifunekayo lokongeza lincinci, kwaye i-viscosity ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakuhle.Ngoko ke, ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okuthile, inani elithile le-cellulose ether (ukugxilwa kwesisombululo) kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kufuneka iqinisekiswe.Iqondo lokushisa le-gel yesisombululo liyancipha ngokuhambelana nokunyuka koxinzelelo lwesisombululo, kunye neegels kwiqondo lokushisa emva kokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile.Uxinzelelo lwe-gelling lwe-HPMC luphezulu ngokwentelekiso kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.
Ukuhambelana kungalungiswa ngokukhetha ubungakanani besuntswana kunye nokukhetha i-cellulose ethers ngeedigri ezahlukeneyo zokuguqulwa.Into ebizwa ngokuba yinguquko kukwazisa iqondo elithile lokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyalkyl kwisakhiwo samathambo e-MC.Ngokutshintsha amaxabiso ahambelanayo atshintshileyo amabini abambeleyo, oko kukuthi, i-DS kunye ne-ms ehambelanayo amaxabiso e-methoxy kunye ne-hydroxyalkyl esihlala siyithetha.Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ze-cellulose ether zinokufunyanwa ngokutshintsha amaxabiso ahambelanayo ahambelanayo amabini abambeleyo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokuhambelana kunye nokuguqulwa: ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwi-mortar, ukutshintsha umlinganiselo we-binder yamanzi wamanzi kunye ne-samente yimpembelelo yokuqina, i-dosage ephezulu, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi.
I-cellulose ethers esetyenziswe kwizinto zokwakha ezinomgubo kufuneka ichithe ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo kwaye inike ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo kwesistim.Ukuba kunikwe umlinganiselo othile wokucheba, isuka ibe yibloko ejikelezayo kunye ne-colloidal, eyimveliso ekumgangatho ophantsi okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi.
Kukwakho nobudlelwane obuhle bomgca phakathi kokungaguquguquki kwentlama yesamente kunye nedosi ye-cellulose ether.I-ether ye-cellulose inokunyusa kakhulu i-viscosity yodaka.Ubukhulu bedosi, kokukhona isiphumo esicacileyo.I-high-viscosity cellulose ether isisombululo samanzi sine-thixotropy ephezulu, ekwayimpawu enkulu ye-cellulose ether.Izisombululo ezimanzi ze-MC polymers zihlala zine-pseudoplastic kunye ne-non-thixotropic fluidity ngaphantsi kobushushu bejeli yazo, kodwa iipropathi ezihamba ngeNewtonian kumazinga aphantsi okucheba.I-Pseudoplasticity iyanda kunye nobunzima be-molecular okanye i-concentration ye-cellulose ether, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-substitute kunye neqondo lokutshintshwa.Ngoko ke, i-cellulose ethers yebakala elifanayo le-viscosity, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, iya kuhlala ibonisa iimpawu ezifanayo ze-rheological nje ngokuba ugxininiso kunye nobushushu bugcinwa rhoqo.
Iigels zesakhiwo zenziwe xa ubushushu buphakanyisiwe, kwaye ukuhamba okuphezulu kwe-thixotropic kwenzeka.Uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi ye-cellulose ethers ibonisa i-thixotropy nangaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa le-gel.Lo mhlaba unenzuzo enkulu kuhlengahlengiso lomgangatho kunye nokuncipha kulwakhiwo lodaka lwesakhiwo.Kufuneka kucaciswe apha ukuba i-viscosity ephezulu ye-ether ye-cellulose, ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kodwa ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, ukuphakama kwe-molecular weight ye-cellulose ether, kunye nokuncipha okuhambelanayo kwi-solubility yayo, enefuthe elibi. kugxininiso lodaka kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo.Ukuphakama kwe-viscosity, kuyabonakala ngakumbi umphumo wokuqina kumdaka, kodwa awulingani ngokupheleleyo.Enye i-viscosity ephakathi kunye nephantsi, kodwa i-ether ye-cellulose eguqulwayo inomsebenzi ongcono ekuphuculeni amandla okwakhiwa kodaka olumanzi.Ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuphucula.4. Ukuncipha kwe-cellulose ether
Ukubuyiswa kwe-ether ye-cellulose: Umsebenzi wesithathu we-cellulose ether kukulibazisa inkqubo ye-hydration ye-samente.I-Cellulose ether inika udaka oluneepropati ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, kwaye inciphisa kwakhona ubushushu bokuqala be-hydration yesamente kwaye ilibazise inkqubo ye-hydration eguquguqukayo yesamente.Oku akulunganga ukusetyenziswa kodaka kwiindawo ezibandayo.Esi siphumo sokubuyisela sibangelwa yi-adsorption ye-cellulose ether molecules kwiimveliso ze-hydration ezifana ne-CSH kunye ne-ca (OH) i-2.Ngenxa yokunyuka kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore, i-ether ye-cellulose iyanciphisa ukuhamba kwe-ion kwisisombululo, ngaloo ndlela ilibazise inkqubo ye-hydration.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-04-2023