Ziziphi iintlobo ze-agent zokunciphisa amanzi kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zabo?

Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi, ezikwaziwa ngokuba yi-plasticizers okanye i-superplasticizers, izongezo zekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi kunye nodaka lomxube wokuphucula ukusebenza, ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto. Kukho iindidi ezininzi zee-agent zokunciphisa amanzi, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo:

1. I-Lignosulfonates: I-Lignosulfonates ivela kwi-pulp yokhuni kwaye yenye yezona ntlobo zakudala zokunciphisa amanzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwekhonkrithi ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umxholo wamanzi ngelixa ugcina amandla aneleyo. I-Lignosulfonates inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye iyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zesamente.
2. I-Naphthalene Sulfonates: I-Naphthalene sulfonate-based based reducers yamanzi iyasebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umthamo wamanzi kwimixube yekhonkrithi ngelixa iphucula ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza. Zifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuvelisa i-concrete yokuqina okuphezulu kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi yamanzi ukuya kwi-samente. I-Naphthalene sulfonates inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlula kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kwikhonkrithi.
3. I-Melamine Sulfonates: Abanciphisi bamanzi asekelwe kwi-Melamine banikezela iimpawu eziphezulu zokunciphisa amanzi xa kuthelekiswa ne-lignosulfonates kunye ne-naphthalene sulfonates. Babonelela ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo, amandla aphezulu aphezulu, kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo kwimixube yekhonkrithi. I-Melamine sulfonates idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zekhonkrithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-precast kunye ne-prestressed concrete.
4. I-Polycarboxylate Ethers (i-PCEs): I-Polycarboxylate ethers isizukulwana esitsha se-agent yokunciphisa amanzi eyaziwayo ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Banokunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamanzi kwimixube yekhonkrithi ngelixa begcina ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza ngexesha elide. I-PCEs zibonelela ngokuhambelana okugqwesileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesamente kunye ne-admixtures kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwikhonkrithi yokudibanisa (SCC) kunye ne-high-performance concrete (HPC) izicelo.
5. Iingxube ezidityanisiweyo: Ezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi zenziwe njenge-admixtures edibeneyo, enokuthi ibandakanye umxube weekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zokusebenza. Le mixube inokubonelela ngeziphumo ze-synergistic, ezifana nokuphuculwa kokugcinwa kwe-slump, uphuhliso lwamandla olongeziweyo, okanye ukunciphisa ukungena komoya.

Iimpawu zee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi: Umsebenzi oyintloko we-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kukunciphisa inani lokuxuba amanzi afunekayo ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufunwayo kwekhonkrithi okanye umxube wodaka. Oku kunceda ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlula kunye nokuphuma kwegazi.
• Ukusebenza: Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi ziphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuhamba kweengxube zekhonkrithi, okuvumela ukubeka lula kunye nokudibanisa ngaphandle kokuncama amandla okanye ukudibanisa. Bancedisa ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwee-aggregates kunye nezixhobo ze-cementitious kulo lonke umxube.
• Ukuhambelana: Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka zihambelane nezinye ii-admixtures kunye nezongezelelo ezisetyenziswe kwimixube yekhonkrithi, njenge-air-entraining agents, i-set retarders, kunye ne-accelerators. Ukuhambelana kuqinisekisa ukuba iipropati ezifunwayo kunye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi zifezekiswa ngaphandle kokuphendula okubi okanye imiphumo emibi.
• Umlinganiselo weDosage: Ukusebenza kwee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi kuxhomekeke kwizinga ledosi, elibonakaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengepesenti yomxholo we-cementitious material kumxube. Amazinga edosi afanelekileyo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lwesamente, iimpawu ezidityanisiweyo, ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye neempawu zekonkrithi ezifunwayo.
• Ixesha lokumisela: Ezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi zinokuchaphazela ixesha lokumisela imixube yekhonkrithi, mhlawumbi ukukhawuleza okanye ukubuyisela ixesha lokuqala kunye nexesha lokugqibela lokumisela. I-dosage efanelekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwabanciphisi bamanzi kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa iimpawu zokumisela ezifunwayo kwizicelo ezithile zokwakha.
• Iindleko kunye nokuSebenza: Iingqwalasela ezifana nokuphumelela kweendleko, iimfuno zokusebenza, kunye neenkcukacha zeprojekthi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi efanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile. Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iinzuzo kunye nemida yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinciphisi zamanzi ukumisela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zeprojekthi.

ii-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuqina komxube wekhonkrithi kunye nodaka, okuvumela ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wezakhiwo ezigqityiweyo.