Ziziphi iintlobo ze-agent zokunciphisa amanzi kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zabo?

Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi, ezikwaziwa ngokuba yi-plasticizers okanye i-superplasticizers, izongezo zekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi kunye nodaka lomxube wokuphucula ukusebenza, ukunciphisa umthamo wamanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto.Kukho iindidi ezininzi zee-agent zokunciphisa amanzi, nganye ineempawu zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo:

1. I-Lignosulfonates: I-Lignosulfonates ivela kwi-pulp yokhuni kwaye yenye yezona ntlobo zakudala zokunciphisa amanzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuxutywa kwekhonkrithi ukuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa umthamo wamanzi ngelixa ugcina amandla aneleyo.I-Lignosulfonates inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye iyahambelana noluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zesamente.
2. I-Naphthalene Sulfonates: Abanciphisi bamanzi baseNaphthalene sulfonate basebenza kakhulu ekunciphiseni umthamo wamanzi kwimixube yekhonkrithi ngelixa bephucula ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza.Zifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuvelisa i-concrete yokuqina okuphezulu kunye nemilinganiselo ephantsi yamanzi ukuya kwi-samente.I-Naphthalene sulfonates inokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlula kunye nokuphuma kwegazi kwikhonkrithi.
3. I-Melamine Sulfonates: Abanciphisi bamanzi asekelwe kwi-Melamine banikezela iimpawu eziphezulu zokunciphisa amanzi xa kuthelekiswa ne-lignosulfonates kunye ne-naphthalene sulfonates.Babonelela ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo, amandla aphezulu aphezulu, kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo kwimixube yekhonkrithi.I-Melamine sulfonates idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizicelo zekhonkrithi ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana ne-precast kunye ne-prestressed concrete.
4. I-Polycarboxylate Ethers (i-PCEs): I-Polycarboxylate ethers isizukulwana esitsha samanzi okunciphisa amanzi awaziwayo ngokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kunye nokuguquguquka.Banokunciphisa kakhulu umthamo wamanzi kwimixube yekhonkrithi ngelixa begcina ukuhamba kunye nokusebenza ngexesha elide.I-PCEs zibonelela ngokuhambelana okugqwesileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesamente kunye ne-admixtures kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwikhonkrithi yokudibanisa (SCC) kunye ne-high-performance concrete (HPC) izicelo.
5. Iingxube ezidityanisiweyo: Ezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi zenziwe njenge-admixtures edibeneyo, enokuthi ibandakanye umxube weekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa iinjongo ezithile zokusebenza.Le mixube inokubonelela ngeziphumo ze-synergistic, ezifana nokuphuculwa kokugcinwa kwe-slump, uphuhliso lwamandla olongeziweyo, okanye ukunciphisa ukungena komoya.

Iimpawu zee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi zinokubandakanya:

• Ukuncitshiswa kwamanzi: Umsebenzi oyintloko we-agent yokunciphisa amanzi kukunciphisa inani lokuxuba amanzi afunekayo ukufezekisa ukuhambelana okufunwayo kwekhonkrithi okanye umxube wodaka.Oku kunceda ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kwezinto eziphathekayo ngelixa unciphisa umngcipheko wokwahlula kunye nokuphuma kwegazi.
• Ukusebenza: Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi ziphucula ukusebenza kunye nokuhamba kweengxube zekhonkrithi, okuvumela ukubeka lula kunye nokudibanisa ngaphandle kokuncama amandla okanye ukudibanisa.Bancedisa ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa okufanayo kwee-aggregates kunye nezixhobo ze-cementitious kulo lonke umxube.
• Ukuhambelana: Ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka zihambelane nezinye ii-admixtures kunye nezongezelelo ezisetyenziswe kwimixube yekhonkrithi, njenge-air-entraining agents, i-set retarders, kunye ne-accelerators.Ukuhambelana kuqinisekisa ukuba iipropati ezifunwayo kunye nokusebenza kwekhonkrithi zifezekiswa ngaphandle kokuphendula okubi okanye imiphumo emibi.
• Umlinganiselo weDosage: Ukusebenza kwee-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi kuxhomekeke kwizinga ledosi, elibonakaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo njengepesenti yomxholo we-cementitious material kumxube.Amazinga edosi afanelekileyo anokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nodidi lwesamente, iimpawu ezidityanisiweyo, ubushushu obuphakathi, kunye neempawu zekonkrithi ezifunwayo.
• Ixesha lokumisela: Ezinye ii-agent zokunciphisa amanzi zinokuchaphazela ixesha lokumisela imixube yekhonkrithi, mhlawumbi ukukhawuleza okanye ukubuyisela ixesha lokuqala kunye nexesha lokugqibela lokumisela.I-dosage efanelekileyo kunye nokukhethwa kwabanciphisi bamanzi kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa iimpawu zokumisela ezifunwayo kwizicelo ezithile zokwakha.
• Iindleko kunye nokuSebenza: Iingqwalasela ezifana nokuphumelela kweendleko, iimfuno zokusebenza, kunye neenkcukacha zeprojekthi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhetheni i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi efanelekileyo kwisicelo esithile.Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iinzuzo kunye nemida yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinciphisi zamanzi ukumisela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zeprojekthi.

ii-arhente zokunciphisa amanzi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kunye nokuqina komxube wekhonkrithi kunye nodaka, okuvumela ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wezakhiwo ezigqityiweyo.